Art

Art dates back to cave paintings-humans want to depict what they see All art is a form of imitation Some art strives for likeness (trying to be as close to reality as possible) also referred to as realism in this chapter Other art strives for imitation(the transference of what is experienced outside or inside the artist) The Need to Imitate

Creating Likeness in Different Styles Classical ArtMedieval Art  Classicism-balanced and harmonious art in Athens and Rome  Imitated real people, but perfected them (flawless)  Used marble or stone  Valued balance and harmony  Goal: remind the faithful of the life and death of Jesus, Mary, the saints, disciples  Elaborate churches, stained glass, mosaics, embroidery  Presents the idea, not a faithful representation of subject

Renaissance Art “Rebirth” of interest in classical knowledge and art Renaissance artists combined classical discipline with the demand for freedom of expression The Renaissance constitutes the greatest single revolution in the history of Western art and thought  Fillipo Lippi  Leonardo da Vinci  Michelangelo  Raphael  Sophonisba Anguissola  Artemisia Gentileschi

Dutch School Master painters were able to reproduce faces, figure and landscapes with the greatest accuracy possible until the invention of the camera  Rembrandt  Famous for chiaroscuro (use of light and dark to create realism)  Interested in psychological realism, the character behind the face

Impressionism  Attempt to be realistic is abandoned and instead the artists projects a subjective experience of the world as color and light.

Famous Impressionists  Edouard Manet  Claude Monet  Berthe Morisot  Mary Cassatt

Post-Impressionism  Art during the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries resembles but is not strict Impressionism  Not realistic or abstract  Vincent van Gogh- starving artist not recognized during his lifetime

Art as Alteration modernismpostmodernism  Art produced in the late 19 th century to late 20 th century  Art produced from the late 20 th century to modern day Both of these movements are connected to art as alteration- artists who do not even start with the familiar but want to impose something new on the world

Abstract Art  Wassily Kandinsky-form is all that matters in art (pleasing arrangements of line and color).  Painting should provide an experience of the beautiful  “color could become music”

Cubism Picasso Braque  Artist breaks down the field of vision into discontinuous segments or in which the artist shows a number of visual events taking place simultaneously

Guernica Picasso’s depiction of a Nazi bombing of the city of Guernica. Turned the bombing victims into a wild fragment of atrocities. One of the most powerful anti-war statements ever made. Considered one of the great artworks of all time.

Surrealism  Popular style, employs recognizable shapes and forms put together in unrecognizable contexts  Imitates the world of dreams and the unconscious mind  Dali –tortured artist or clever business man?

“Unreal” Realism  Georgia O’Keeffe  “art can be analyzed only by what the artist is doing, not saying.”  Certain shapes leap out at the artist for whatever reason  Edward Hopper  Simplified realism- leaves out the unimportant  Nighthawks-American Loneliness

Camera ArtPop Art  With photography artists are no longer needed for “realistic” images  Creative artists began experimenting with photos  Alfred Stieglitz  Jerry Uelsmann  Influenced by comic books, movies, billboards  Makes a statement about American culture, endless fads/superficiality  Claes Oldenburg  Andy Warhol

Performance Art  Event, artists want to create a momentary stir and then be seen or heard no more  Orson Wells (film director) cited as founder of the movement  War of the Worlds  Installation Art-  Edward Kienholz (Still Live)  Christo (installations around the globe)

Architecture  Serves dual purpose: provides shelter for our needs (work, play, worship, education) and it alters our reality most noticeably  Architecture is considered art is the interplay between form and function (what it looks like and what purpose it serves)

Architecture Religious ArchitectureSecular Architecture  Building created for worship or meditation are among the finest achievements in world architecture  Viewed as public art, conflicts inevitably arise