Leading up to WWII.

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Presentation transcript:

Leading up to WWII

Germany Economic Problems Printed $ during WWI (not increase taxes) Inflation Print more after war to pay reparations Wheelbarrows full of $ for bread

1920s US lends $200 million to Germany Helped slow down inflation 1920’s – US economy helped world 1929 – Stock market crashed

Great Depression US demands payments of world loans Demand for European goods dropped World trade dropped by 65% Effects felt worldwide

Rise of Fascism Loyalty to state and obedience to its leader Extreme nationalism Nations must struggle – Peaceful states were doomed to be conquered Loyalty to an authoritarian leader Similar to communism (not seeking classless society)

Benito Mussolini Founded Fascist Party in 1919 Oct. 1922 – 30,000 fascists marched on Rome King gave power to Mussolini

Adolf Hitler Joined small right-wing political group Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party – Nazi Party 1923 – Jail for trying to seize power Mein Kampf

Adolf Hitler 1924 – Revived Nazi party 1933 – Hitler became Chancellor Anti-Semitism -Hatred of Jews (Jewish= 1% of pop)

Japan Militarists  Extreme nationalists Wanted to take over China  Raw materials and markets Seized Manchuria 1933 - Withdrew from League of Nations 1937 – Japan invades China

Italy 1935 - Mussolini attacks Ethiopia Used Suez Canal GB just lets them

Hitler – Not obeying Versailles 1935 – Builds up army 1936 – Germans move into Rhineland Weak response by British and French Oct. 1936 – Germany, Italy, Japan make up Axis powers March 1938 – Hitler annexes Austria Sep. 1938 – Hitler demanded Sudentland (regions in Czech) Czechs refuse and ask France for help

Munich Conference Sep 29th, 1938 Preserve peace by giving into Hitler  Allow them to take Sudentland But respect Czech border Less than 6 months  Hitler takes Czech Demanded ports in Poland Mussolini takes Albania

Nonaggression Pact Aug 23, 1939 – Nazis and Soviets sign nonaggression pact Sep 1 Germans to attack Poland without Russian interference Sep 3 Britain and France declared war on Germany

War In Europe

Nonaggression Pact (cont’d) Divide Poland USSR to take Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia Taking Finland was more difficult March 1940 Russians win Finland

Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” Fast moving tanks, planes, infantry

Chronology April 9, ’40 – Hitler surprise invasion of Norway and Denmark May ’40 – sweep through Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg May ’40 – Germans trapped Allies in northern France June 14 – Germans had taken Paris June 22 – France surrendered

The Battle of Britain – Summer ’40-May ’41 Winston Churchill – British Prime Minister Hitler wanted to wipe out Royal Air Force, then land troops in England Night Bombing GB radar, Enigma GB Victory

Hitler turns to Mediterranean and Russia Attacked N. Africa (Mussolini  Egypt) British fight back in Egypt – Hitler comes to help Erwin Rommel  German general “Desert Fox”

Balkans - 1941 Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary join Axis Hitler invades Greece and Yugoslovia This allows invasion of USSR – June 22, 1941 Leningrad hit hard, but didn’t surrender Turned to Moscow – “No Retreat” in winter

US Neutrality Sep 1939 – Allies could buy American arms Atlantic Charter – Free trade among nations Sep 4 1941 – U-boat fired on US destroyer