Dr. Nimrod Kozlovski How we are becoming the A Paradigm shift in on-line policing

Deterrence(?)

Deterring from committing a crime Reacting to a committed crime Public police force (investigation, prosecution, punishment) Law Enforcement model

proactive tactics in cybercrime policing

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Expected gain cost of crime, expected gain Expected gain cost of crime, expected gain Punishment expectancy (playing the jurisdiction) Enforcement probability

Reactive Evidence based investigation Law as primary regulator Discretionary enforcement Deferred judicial sanction Passive victim Criminal focused Reactive Evidence based investigation Law as primary regulator Discretionary enforcement Deferred judicial sanction Passive victim Criminal focused Proactive tactics Intelligence focused Regulation through Code Automated, non discretionary Present non-judicial sanctions Active victim Intermediaries focused Proactive tactics Intelligence focused Regulation through Code Automated, non discretionary Present non-judicial sanctions Active victim Intermediaries focused

Public officials Central command Territorial Limits on delegation of policing power Limitations on individual’s use of force Public officials Central command Territorial Limits on delegation of policing power Limitations on individual’s use of force Multiplex organizational structures Decentralized Non territorial, internationalized Delegation of policing functions Empowerment of the individual (self help) Multiplex organizational structures Decentralized Non territorial, internationalized Delegation of policing functions Empowerment of the individual (self help)