1. Hierarchy of criminal courts
Under CrPC

2. Contents Introduction Components of Criminal Justice System
Hierarchy of Criminal Courts
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court of India
Jurisdiction of High Court
Jurisdiction of District Courts
Hierarchy of Criminal Court at District level
Separation of power
Hierarchy of Executive Magistrate
Power of various Criminal Court

3. Introduction What is Legal System?
Legal system refers to a procedure or process for interpreting and enforcing the law. It elaborates the rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. Therefore, it is the set of laws of a country and the ways in which they are interpreted and enforced.
What is Criminal Justice System?
Criminal Justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. It Is the process of punishing and reforming of offender. Those accused of crime have some protections against abuse of investigatory and prosecution powers. Criminal justice systems are very different around the world depending on the country

4. Components of Criminal Justice System
Police
Reporting and Investigating the matter.
Courts
Trial and Awarding Punishment
Prisons
to execute the court’s order and to reform the offender

5. Hierarchy of Criminal Courts
Supreme Court of India
High Courts
District & Session Courts

6. SUPREME COURT JURISDICTION
Supreme court is the highest and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court. It has following extensive powers :-
Writ jurisdiction.(A.32)
Court of Record. Has power to punish for contempt. (A.129)
Original Jurisdiction. (A.131)
Highest Court of Appeal in the country. (A.132,133,134 & 136)
Law declared by the Supreme Court binding on all Courts in India.(A.141)
Advisory Jurisdiction.(A.143)

7. JURISDICTION OF HIGH COURT
There are various High Courts at the state and union territory level of India, which together with the Supreme Court of India at the national level, comprise the country's judicial system. Each High Court has jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of states and union territories. It has following powers:-
Court of Record. Has power to punish for contempt. (A.215)
Original Jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters.
Appellate jurisdiction in respect of criminal and civil cases decided by Subordinate courts.
Revisional Jurisdiction conferred under the Civil Procedure Code and Criminal Procedure Code.
Writ jurisdiction.(A.226)
Administrative Jurisdiction over subordinate courts.

8. JURISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURTS
The District Courts of India are the district courts under different State governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases, population distribution in the district. They administer justice in India at a district level.
The District Court or Additional District court exercises jurisdiction both on original side and appellate side in civil and criminal matters arising in the District. The territorial and pecuniary jurisdiction in civil matters is usually set in concerned state enactments on the subject of civil courts. On the criminal side, jurisdiction is exclusively derived from the criminal procedure code. As per this code the maximum sentence a Sessions Judge of district court may award to a convict is capital punishment.

9. Hierarchy of district courts..
Session Judge & Additional Session Judge
Assistant Session Judge
Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate
Metropolitan Magistrate
Special Metropolitan Magistrate
Chief Judicial Magistrate or Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate
Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrate
Judicial Magistrate of First Class
Judicial Magistrate of Second Class
Hierarchy
of district courts..

10. Separation of Power
In pursuance of the scheme of separation of executive from the judiciary (u/A 50 of the Constitution) – Two categories of Magistrates created.
Judicial Magistrates – Appointed and controlled by the High Court and discharge judicial functions.
Executive Magistrates – Appointed and controlled by the State Government and discharge executive functions, i.e., maintenance of law and order.
Unless otherwise defined by the District Magistrate, the jurisdiction and powers of every Executive Magistrate extends throughout the district or the metropolitan area, as the case may be as given u/s 22 of code of criminal procedure.

11. Hierarchy of Executive Magistrate
District Magistrate (Additional District Magistrate)
Executive Magistrate
Special Magistrate
Sub-divisional Magistrate

12. SENTENCING POWER OF DIFFERENT COURTS
Maximum sentence which can be imposed
1. Supreme Court of India
Any sentence authorized by law
2. High Court
Any Sentence authorized by law u/s 28(1) CrPC
3. Session Judge, Additional Session Judge
Any sentence authorized by law, Sentence of death, however, is subject to confirmation by High Court u/s 28(2) CrPC
4. Assistant Session Judge
Imprisonment upto 10 years and/or fine. u/s. 28(3)
5. Chief Judicial Magistrate, Chief Metropolitan Magistrate
Imprisonment upto 7 years and/or fine. u/s 29(1)(4)
6. Judicial Magistrate First Class, Metropolitan Magistrate
Imprisonment upto 3 years and/or fine upto Rs. 10,000/-. u/s. 29(2).
7. Judicial Magistrate Second Class
Imprisonment upto 1 year and/or fine upto Rs. 5,000/-. u/s 29(3)
8. Special Judicial Magistrate
Imprisonment upto 3 years and/or fine upto Rs. 10,000/-. u/s. 13(1) r/w S. 29(2)
Imprisonment upto 1 year and/or fine upto Rs. 5,000/-. u/s. 13(1) r/w S. 29(3)

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