1. MGMT 5230 A.M.B.A. 2008-2009

2. Definitions Leadership – the process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment Formal leadership – the officially sanctioned leadership based on the authority of a formal position Informal leadership – the unofficial leadership accorded to a person by other members of the organization Followership – the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment

3. Definitions Continued “The true measure of leadership is influence-nothing more, nothing less”, (John Maxwell, 2006, p. 2005). “Leaders are individuals that, by their actions, facilitate the movement of a group of people toward a common or shared goal or objective”, (House & Podsakoff, 1994, p. 46) Dr. Moore Others

4. Manager Vs Leader Management Reduces uncertainty Stabilizes organizations Leadership Creates uncertainty Creates change

5. Manager Vs Leader Cont. Management Characteristics Planning and budgeting Organizing and staffing Controlling and problem solving Leadership Characteristics Setting a direction for the organization Using communication to align people with that direction Motivating people to action through empowerment and basic need gratification

6. Basic Leadership Styles Autocratic Style – the leader uses strong, directive, controlling actions to enforce the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships; followers have little discretionary influence Democratic Style – the leader takes collaborative, reciprocal, interactive actions with followers; followers have high degree of discretionary influence Laissez-Faire Style – the leader fails to accept the responsibilities of the position; creates chaos in the work environment

7. Basic Leadership Behavioral Continuum Transactional Behavior – Behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles – Many written or unwritten rules and regulations – Focus on getting work done Relational Behavior – behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, trust, and respect – Fewer written or unwritten rules and regulations – Focus on employee concern and needs

8. Basic Leadership Behavioral Continuum TransactionalRelational

9. Basic Leader Decision-Making Styles Decide Consult Individually Consult Group Facilitate Delegate

10. Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decision- making, individual traits) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation)

11. Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decision- making, individual traits) Follower Goals (satisfaction, commitment, high- performance, cohesion) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation)

12. Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decision- making, individual traits) Follower Goals (satisfaction, commitment, high- performance, cohesion) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation) Follower Characteristics (self-efficacy, needs, intelligence, conscientiousness, individual traits)

13. Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decision- making, individual traits) Follower Goals (satisfaction, commitment, high- performance, cohesion) Workplace Context (authority structure, political environment, resources) Follower Characteristics (self-efficacy, needs, intelligence, conscientiousness, individual traits) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation)