*Citizen- member of a state or nation

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Aim: How did geographic conditions influence the development of classical civilizations ? *Citizen- member of a state or nation *Oligarchy- Type of government where power lies in the hands of a few people *Democracy-Political power lies in the hands of the people or citizens *Totalitarian-Dictatorship/government has total control *Mandate of Heaven- Divine (heaven) approval of the ruler *Dynastic Cycle- Pattern of rise, fall, and replacement of Dynasties *polis- small independent city-states

Essential Questions How did geography influence China? How did the Mandate of heaven influence Chinese society? How was the development of “city-states” (polis) influenced by Greece’s geography? What were the two most famous city-states? How was life different in these two city-states?

China’s Geography The most isolated of all ancient civilizations Developed separately from other civilizations Natural physical barriers High mountains (west and southwest) Gobi desert (north) Pacific Ocean (east) How would this impact the development of ancient China?

Task #1 Obtain your review book/photocopy Turn to Unit #1 section 2 Complete the section of the review sheet of the “Dynastic Cycle” 5 minutes for this task Bureaucracy-is a system of managing government through departments that are run by appointed officials.

Greece’s Geography Peninsula (ocean water on 3 sides) Few rivers Many mountains Isolated valleys Small islands How did geography impact Greece’s development?

Group work Students will work in pairs One students will read the section on Athens and fill out the graphic organizer One student will read the section on Sparta and fill out the graphic organizer After both students are finished, they will then compare their findings

Athens Limited Democracy Laws made by assembly Only male citizens in assembly Trade with other city-states Education for boys Women inferior

Athens Democratic Athens (450 BC) Athens had a system of government in which every citizen could participate in government directly, by voting on issues brought before them (DEMOCRACY) Only a small minority were citizens – women and slaves were not considered citizens Athens establishes the pattern for later Western democracies The Age of Pericles, the Golden Age of Athens

Sparta Monarchy with two kings MILITARY society Trade and travel not allowed Military training for all boys Girls trained to be mothers of soldiers Women obey men Women own property

Sparta Totalitarian Sparta – all parts of life: economic, social, political, religious, and educational are controlled by the state Life was organized around military needs = militaristic state Military strength and rule by just a few people, land owners and nobility = aristocracy The majority of Spartans had no say in the government Individualism and new ideas were discouraged Did not promote individual freedom in the arts and sciences and thus it had little impact on western European history Weak infants were left to die

What did Athens and Sparta have in common? Using the reading, consider what both these city states had in common. Common language Shared heroes Olympic games Same gods and religious beliefs