1. The Rise of
Greek City-States
The Polis
1750 B.C B.C.

2. The Geography of Greece

3. Greek Polis or City-state
Small populations in each polis
Men became involved in politics
Men became citizens not subjects
Evolution of polis government
Between 750B.C. and 500 B.C.
Ruler of polis – monarchy [1]
Nobles/Landowners – aristocracy [10]
Wealthy Merchants – oligarchy [100]
Citizen-soldiers – democracy [1000]

4. Geography shapes the Polis
Valleys and Islands
Small, independent city-states (polis) developed / NO LARGE Empire
Endless rivalry between city-states (polis)
Mediterranean and Aegean Seas
Greeks skilled at sailing
Seas link to rest of world

5. Greek Polytheism
Common Cultural aspects of every Greek city-state = religion, language, Olympics
Acropolis
Center of each Greek city-state
Beliefs in many gods/goddesses
NO HUMAN SACRIFICES
Imitated by the Romans with only name changes to the gods/goddesses

6. Greek Polis or City-state
ATHENS
Golden Age of Western Civilization
Cultural Achievements
Art and Architecture
Science and Math
Philosophy and Politics.

7. Athens vs. Sparta
Who was better?

8. SPARTA

9. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

10. Sparta Politics Social Classes/Groups
Democracy – all men citizens/soldiers
Assembly – native born Spartan men over 30
Five Elected Ephors to run polis
Two kings and council of elders
Social Classes/Groups
Social Hierarchy
Warrior Class
Governing Class
Slaves - Helots

11. Sparta Role of Women Military Patriarchal society – must obey men
Women control family estate while men at war
Military
Greatest Soldiers in Greece
Phalanx formation
Training all life to be warrior

12. Sparta Persian Wars Age of Pericles in Athens Battle of Thermopalye
Inspired Greek unity against Persia
Leonidas and the 300
Age of Pericles in Athens
Developed a rival alliance system
Peloponnesian League against Athen’s Delian League
Resented Athenian Domination of Greece

13. Sparta
Peloponnesian War
Sparta defeated Athens in 27 year war.

14. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

15. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

16. Athens Politics Social Classes/Groups
Democracy – all landowning men are citizens
Assembly – native born Athenian men over 30
Council of 500 – men over by lottery
Direct Democracy
Social Classes/Groups
Social Hierarchy
Landowning men
Merchants
Foreigners
Slaves

17. Athens Role of Women Military Patriarchal society – must obey men
Women essential role in religious ceremonies
Women managed household affairs
Military
Greatest Sailors in Greece
Huge fleet of warships
Huge fleet of merchant ships

18. Athens Persian Wars Age of Pericles Battle of Marathon
Elevated Athens above other polis
Battle of Salamis
Athens defeat of Persian navy
Athens begins domination of Greece
Age of Pericles
Golden Age of Athens / Greece under leadership of Pericles
Building projects
Increase in trade, arts

19. Athens Peloponnesian War Athens defeated but not destroyed
Greek culture declines under Spartan Leadership

20. Athens and Sparta Two of the Greatest Greek Polis or City-States
Golden Age of Greece under Athens
Greek culture declines under Spartan Leadership