The Reproductive System

The human male reproductive system الجهاز التناسلي الذكري consists of a number of sex organs الاعضاء الجنسية . The main male sex organs are the penis القضيبand the testesالخصيات which produce semenالسائل المنوي and sperm الحيوانات المنوية , which in sexual intercourse التزاوج الجنسي fertilize تخصبan ovum in female's body which develops تتطور into a fetusجنين ,

External genital organsالاعضاء الجنسية الخارجية Penis القضيب The penis is the male copulatory organعضو التزاوج . 2. Scrotumكيس الصفن The scrotum is a pouch-likeشبيه بالكيس structure. It holdsيحمل and protectsيحمي the testes. It also contains numerous nerves and blood vessels. Internal genital organs Epididymis البربخ The epididymis is a massكتلة of coiled tubesالانابيب الملتفة. It acts as a maturationنضج and storage تخزينplace for sperm before they pass into the vas deferens الوعاء الناقل .

3. Vas deferens 4. Accessory glandsالغدد المساعدة The vas deferens, also known as the sperm duct, is a thin tubeانبوبة رفيعة approximately 43.2 centimeters long that starts from the epididymis to the pelvic cavityتجويف الحوض . 4. Accessory glandsالغدد المساعدة Three accessory glands provide fluids تنتج السائل that lubricateترطب the ducts and nourish تغذي the sperm. They are the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands (Cowper glands). I. Seminal vesicles الحويصلة المنوية Seminal vesicles are sac-like structures تراكيب شبيهة بالاكياسattached to the vas deferens at one side of the bladder. They produce a stickyلزج, yellowish fluid that contains fructose. This fluid provides sperm cells energy and aids in their motilityيساعد . 70% of the semen is its secretion. II. Prostate gland غدة البروستاتا The prostate gland is responsibleمسئولة for the productionانتاج of semen, a liquid mixture of sperm cells, prostate fluid and seminal fluid.

III. Bulbourethral glands The bulbourethral glands, also called Cowper glands غدة كوبر, are two small glands located on the sides of the urethraالاحليل (وعاء يربط المثانة بالخارج) just belowاسفل the prostate gland. These glands produce a clear, fluid for nourishment of spermatozoa تغذية الحيوانات المنوية .

Male Reproductive System 5. Testes It is the male gonad in animals. The primary functions of the testes are to produce sperm (spermatogenesis) and to produce androgens, primarily testosterone. It contains very fine coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules الأنيببات المنوية . The tubules are lined with a layer of cells (germ cells) that develop into sperm cells (also known as spermatozoa or male gametes).

Male Reproductive System (cont.) Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis Spermatogonia (46 chromosomes) Mitosis – makes primary spermatocytes Undergo meiosis  two secondary spermatocytes Divides – two spermatids = 4 spermatids Develop flagella to become mature sperm cells with 23 chromosomes

Male Reproductive System (cont.) Sperm cells Head Nucleus with 23 chromosomes Acrosome – enzyme-filled sac كيس ملئ بالانزيمات Helps sperm penetrate ovum Midpiece القطعة الوسطي Mitochrondria that generate cell’s energy Tail Flagellum that propels sperm forward

Female Reproductive System: The human female reproductive system contains two main partsجزئين اساسيين : the uterus, which hosts the fetus,الجنين and the ovaries, which produce the female's egg cells. The female internal الداخليةreproductive organs are the vaginaالمهبل , uterusالرحم , fallopian tubes, cervix عنق الرحم and ovaryالمبيض .

Female Reproductive System: Vagina The vagina is the place where semen from the male is deposited into the female's body at the sexual intercourseالتزاوج الجنسي . Cervix The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. Uterus The uterus is the major female reproductive organ of humans. The uterus provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo (weeks 1 to 8) and fetus (from week 9 until the delivery). In addition, contractions in the muscular wall of the uterus are important in pushing out the fetus at the time of birth.

Female Reproductive System: Oviductsقنوات البيض The Fallopian tubes or oviducts are two tubes leading from the ovaries of female into the uterus. Ovaries The ovaries are small, paired organs that are located near the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity. These organs are responsible for the production of the ova and the secretion of hormones.

Internal Female Organs Female Reproductive System Internal Female Organs uterus uterine tube ovary cervix vagina