1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Reproductive System  Gonads –  Gonads produce gametes (sex cells) and secrete hormones  Sperm –  Ova (eggs) –

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System  Testes  Duct system Figure 16.2b MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW ANIMATION PRESS TO PLAY

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System  Accessory organs  External genitalia

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System Figure 16.2a

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Testes  Coverings of the testes  _____________ _______________ – capsule that surrounds each testis  _______________ – extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules Figure 16.1

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Testes  Each lobule contains one to four ___________________________________  Empty sperm into the ________________  Sperm travels through the _______________ to the ___________________  Interstitial cells produce androgens such as testosterone

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epididymis  Comma-shaped, tightly coiled tube  Found on the superior part of the testis and along the posterior lateral side  Functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least ___________ days)  Expels sperm with the contraction of muscles in the epididymis walls to the _______________________________

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)  Carries sperm from the epididymis to the __________________________________  Passes through the inguinal canal and over the bladder  Moves sperm by peristalsis  _______________________________ – ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves in a connective tissue sheath

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)  Ends in the ejaculatory duct which unites with the urethra  ___________________ – cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes to prevent transportation of sperm

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urethra  Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis  Carries both ______________________  Sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urethra  Regions of the urethra  __________________________ urethra – surrounded by prostate  __________________________ urethra – from prostatic urethra to penis  ___________________ (penile) urethra – runs the length of the penis

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seminal Vesicles  Located at the base of the bladder  Produces a thick, yellowish secretion (______ of semen)   Prostaglandins  Other substances that nourish and activate sperm

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prostate Gland  Encircles the upper part of the urethra  Secretes a milky fluid  Helps to:  Enters the urethra through several small ducts

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bulbourethral Glands  Pea-sized gland inferior to the prostate  Produces a thick, clear mucus  Cleanses the urethra of acidic urine  Serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse  Secreted into the penile urethra

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Semen  Mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions  Advantages of accessory gland secretions  Fructose provides:  Alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the acidic environment of vagina  Semen inhibits:  Elements of semen enhance:

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Genitalia  Scrotum  Divided sac of skin outside the abdomen  Maintains testes at __________ lower than normal body temperature to protect sperm viability

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Genitalia  Penis  Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract  Regions of the penis  Folded cuff of skin around proximal end  Often removed by circumcision  Internally there are three areas of spongy erectile tissue around the urethra

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Spermatogenesis  Production of sperm cells  Begins at puberty and continues throughout life  Occurs in the seminiferous tubules

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Processes of Spermatogenesis  ___________________________ (stem cells) undergo rapid mitosis to produce more stem cells before puberty  _______________________ hormone (FSH) modifies spermatogonia division  One cell produced is a stem cell  The other cell produced becomes a _________________________________

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Processes of Spermatogenesis  ____________________________ undergo meiosis  Haploid ________________________ are produced  Spermiogenesis  Late spermatids are produced with distinct regions  ________ – contains DNA covered by the acrosome  Sperm cells result after maturing of spermatids  Spermatogenesis takes _____________ days

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy of a Mature Sperm Cell  The only human flagellated cell  DNA is found in the head Figure 16.5b

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Testosterone Production  The most important hormone of the testes  Produced in interstitial cells  Functions of testosterone  Causes secondary sex characteristics

23. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regulation of Male Androgens (Sex Hormones) Figure 16.6