Conception to Birth

Do Now 1)What is the lining of the uterus wall? 2)What is the tube that transports the ova (egg) to the uterus? 3)What is the process of releasing a mature egg each month? 4)What is the opening of the vagina into the uterus (dilates during childbirth)? 5)What are the fingerlike projections that sweep the egg into the fallopian tubes?

Conception to Birth in 4 minutes jlPdMKPyZY&safe=activehttps:// jlPdMKPyZY&safe=active

FERTILIZATION: Union of a male sperm and female ovum Takes place in the fallopian tube ZYGOTE—The cell formed at conception

Boy or Girl? Sperm X = Female Y = Male Ovum Always X

BLASTOCYST—Cluster of cells with a cavity in the center

IMPLANTATION: The blastocyst buries in the lining of the uterus.

EMBRYO – Cluster of cells that develops in the uterine wall (until 8 th week)

After 8 weeks the embryo is called a FETUS

Amniotic Sac – Thin, fluid filled membrane that protects the fetus

Placenta Thick, blood rich structure Forms along lining of uterus Transfers oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between Mom and baby. Blood does not mix

Umbilical Cord – Ropelike structure that connects placenta to the fetus

Determining Pregnancy Test the urine for HCG levels –Can be detected as early as first week after a missed period

Development in the Womb

End of 1 st Month ¼ inch long Heart, brain & lungs forming Heart starts beating on about the 25 th day ½ size of an apple seed

End of 2 nd Month About 1.5 inches long Muscles & skin developing Arms, hands & fingers forming Legs, knees, ankles, toes beginning to form Vital organs beginning to develop Size of a raspberry

End of 3 rd Month About 3 inches long Weighs about 1 ounce Movement can be felt by the mother Can open & close mouth and swallow Size of a plum

End of 4 th Month 8-10 inches long Weighs 6 ounces Size of an avocado

End of 5 th Month About 12 inches long Weighs 1 pound Eyelashes appear Nails begin to grow Heartbeat can be heard Size of a cantaloupe

End of 6 th Month About 13 inches Can kick and cry Can hear sounds Can hiccup Has fingernails & footprints Size of an eggplant

End of 7 th Month Weighs 2-2 ½ pounds Can move arms and legs freely Eyes are now open Size of a squash

End of 8 th Month About 16.5 inches long Weighs about 4 pounds Hair grows Skin gets smoother as a layer of fat develops under it Size of a honeydew melon

End of 9 th Month inches long Weighs 7-9 pounds Organs have developed enough to function on their own Baby shifts to prepare for birth Size of a watermelon

1 st Trimester (0-13 weeks) Mother may experience: –Breast tenderness –Morning sickness (nausea & vomiting) –Fatigue

2 nd Trimester (14-27 weeks) Mother may experience: –Morning sickness usually stops –Can feel baby move –Feeling more healthy & energetic –Appetite increases

3 rd Trimester (28-40 weeks) Mother may experience: –Gains about pounds by time of delivery –Blood volume has increased 30-40% –May experience Braxton Hicks contractions –Swollen ankles, trouble sleeping, bloated

Average 30 lb. Weight Gain Baby – 7 ½ Placenta – 1 ½ Amniotic Fluid – 2 Uterus- 2 Breast – 2 Blood - 4 Water Retained – 4 Mom’s Fat and Nutrient Stores - 7

Questions Put the following terms in the correct order of development –Fetus –Blastocyst –Sperm cell / Egg cell –Zygote –Embryo –Fertilization

Tests to Detect Birth Defects Ultrasound – High-density sound waves to form images. –Embryo can be seen by 4 weeks

Amniocentesis – Removal of a small amount of amniotic fluid to examine the chromosomes. –Optional test done after 16 th week of pregnancy

Atypical Conditions During Pregnancy Twins – Identical – 1 egg & 1 sperm divides Fraternal – 2 separate eggs & sperm Conjoined – twins joined at birth Other Multiples

Problems during Pregnancy: Miscarriage – spontaneous loss of fetus before week 20. Stillbirth – Dead fetus expelled after week 20. Premature Birth – before week 37

Ectopic Pregnancy – fertilized ovum implants somewhere other than the lining of the uterus.

Braxton Hicks Contractions –“False labor” –Intermittent and painless contraction that may occur every 10 to 20 minutes after the first trimester of pregnancy.

Stages of Labor

1 st Stage Mucus Plug—Mucus is discharged and may be clear, pink, or slightly bloody Effacement—Cervix prepares for delivery by softening & becoming thinner Dilation—Cervix begins to dilate or widen

Water breaking—Amniotic sac breaks and the fluid leaks out through the vagina Transition—Cervix begins to dilate more rapidly and contractions are longer, stronger, and closer together High hormone levels, you begin pushing Usually the shortest part of labor, lasting 15 minutes to half an hour on average.

Crowning—The widest part of the babies head passes out of the vagina Baby passes through the birth canal and cries to clear lungs of amniotic fluid 2nd Stage:

Episiotomy— Incision to enlarge the vagina and assist in childbirth Epidural– Anesthesia injected into the spinal space to cause loss of pain and sensation

3 rd Stage Afterbirth—Placenta is pushed from the mother’s body and umbilical cord is cut

Cesarean Birth Surgical incision through abdominal wall and uterus C-sections may be needed if: –Baby is not positioned correctly –Baby won’t descend into birth canal –Pelvic structure is too small –Mother may have diseases like herpes or scar tissue

Postpartum Depression Postpartum Period— Time from when the baby is born until first period –Emotional—Thrilled and excited, overwhelmed, weepy, feeling “beat up”, some depression –Physical—Feeling faint, shivers & shakes, uterus contracts, bleeding and vaginal discharge, leaking urine, constipation, profuse sweating