1. Birth Development

2. Haploid Gametes: Haploid Gametes: Sperm (23 chromosomes) Sperm (23 chromosomes) Egg (23 chromosomes) Egg (23 chromosomes) Combine to form a diploid (46 chromosomes) ZYGOTE Combine to form a diploid (46 chromosomes) ZYGOTE

3. Fertilization Union of the sperm and the egg in the oviduct Union of the sperm and the egg in the oviduct http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200048.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200048.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200048.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200048.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/pr ogram.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/pr ogram.html

4. All babies begin as a single fertilized cell that undergoes cell division as it moves down the fallopian tube for 3-5 days All babies begin as a single fertilized cell that undergoes cell division as it moves down the fallopian tube for 3-5 days Zygote divides Fertilization

5. Journey of Egg Egg continues to Journey along fallopian tube - about 4 days Egg continues to Journey along fallopian tube - about 4 days Uterus preparing spongy lining for implantation of egg. Uterus preparing spongy lining for implantation of egg. Implantation is where the blastocyst (ball of cells) attaches itself to the uterine lining Implantation is where the blastocyst (ball of cells) attaches itself to the uterine lining

6. Baby’s house in Mom Placenta - prevents the ovaries from releasing eggs prevents the ovaries from releasing eggs stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone continuously. stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone continuously. carries oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus carries oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus waste materials from fetus to mother. waste materials from fetus to mother.

7. Amnion: membrane surrounding baby w/ amniotic fluid inside to cushion Amnion: membrane surrounding baby w/ amniotic fluid inside to cushion http://www.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200127.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200127.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200127.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200127.htm Umbilical Cord: Umbilical Cord: a. connects babies navel to placenta b. 2 arteries – take wastes away from body c. 1 vein – brings “goodies” into baby

8. Detecting Pregnancy Chemical Test – 98% effective Chemical Test – 98% effective Morning Sickness – nausea due to change in hormones Morning Sickness – nausea due to change in hormones Ultra Sound – sound waves used to detect baby in the womb Ultra Sound – sound waves used to detect baby in the womb http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- roundup.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- roundup.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- roundup.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- roundup.htm

9. Changes in Mom 1. emotional 2. urinary bladder is squished 3. other abdominal organs are crowded 4. weight changes (ideally no more than 24 pounds gained) 5. Breasts enlarge 6. lactation

10. Labor 1. Uterus – begins contractions 2. Amnionic Sac – bag of waters breaks, 1 – 1.5 qt. – time to go to hospital 3. Contractions – start to increase in frequency / strength 4. Cervix – must dilate to 10 - 12 cm 5. Drugs – pain killers http://www.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200113.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200113.htm

11. Apgar Test Tests done once baby is born Tests done once baby is born Umbilical cord is cut using a clamp Umbilical cord is cut using a clamp

12. Lactation Milk Secretion Milk Secretion 1. Prolactin hormone starts milk production right after birth 2. actual milk comes in 2 days 3. contain proper nutrition at right temp. and price 4. Contains what mom eats and drinks

13. Baby Development Which parts of the baby develop during each week. Which parts of the baby develop during each week. The first two weeks. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/ program.html The first two weeks. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/ program.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/ program.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/ program.html

14. Implantation The embryo implants by secreting an enzyme to breakdown uterine cells as it burrows into the mother's uterus. The embryo implants by secreting an enzyme to breakdown uterine cells as it burrows into the mother's uterus. Implantation of egg to womb takes place 6 -7 days after fertilization. IF not, then menstrual cycle begins. Implantation of egg to womb takes place 6 -7 days after fertilization. IF not, then menstrual cycle begins.

15. outer layer of cells forms the Placenta. Inner layer develops into embryo Embryonic stem cells - harvested from the inner layer of the blastocyst 7-10 days after fertilization. Embryonic stem cells - harvested from the inner layer of the blastocyst 7-10 days after fertilization. Drugs? Drugs? Ethical issues? Ethical issues?

16. Embryo Takes Shape Once implantation occurs, the formation of most internal organs and external body structures begin. Organ formation begins about 3 weeks after fertilization The area will then begin to develop the brain and spinal cord (neural tube). Embryo takes shape http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/program.html

18. All cells of the body are classified as one of three types Ectoderm- the outer layer. Ectoderm- the outer layer. become the nervous system and skin become the nervous system and skin Endoderm - the inner layer of cells Endoderm - the inner layer of cells form the lining of the digestive and respiratory tract, parts of the liver, pancreas and many other organs Mesoderm - forms from an out pouching of the inner layer tissue of the endoderm. Mesoderm - forms from an out pouching of the inner layer tissue of the endoderm. form muscle, bone, blood and connective tissue. form muscle, bone, blood and connective tissue.

19. Week 2-4 The heart and major blood vessels begin to develop by about day 16 or 17. heart begins to pump fluid through blood vessels by day 20, and the first red blood cells appear the next day. Blood vessels continue to develop in the embryo and placenta

21. Week 5-9 By the sixth week from fertilization tiny fingers appear, followed within days by the toes. By the sixth week from fertilization tiny fingers appear, followed within days by the toes. By the seventh week the baby has individual fingerprints. By the seventh week the baby has individual fingerprints. Almost all organs are completely formed by about 8 weeks after fertilization Almost all organs are completely formed by about 8 weeks after fertilization 9 weeks from the last menstrual period (7 weeks from conception) 9 weeks from the last menstrual period (7 weeks from conception) 9 weeks 42 days

22. Week 10-14 14 weeks – sex can be identified 14 weeks – sex can be identified

23. 20 weeks Head hair, eyebrows. eyelashes and nails are growing. Head hair, eyebrows. eyelashes and nails are growing. To protect the baby's skin from prolonged contact with the amniotic fluid, a greasy substance called vernix covers the body. To protect the baby's skin from prolonged contact with the amniotic fluid, a greasy substance called vernix covers the body. the baby will gain weight and will develop a layer of fat beneath the skin. the baby will gain weight and will develop a layer of fat beneath the skin. receive maternal antibodies against some infections receive maternal antibodies against some infections Women feel movements within week 16-20 Women feel movements within week 16-20

24. Problems during Pregnancy Problems during Pregnancy