Human Communication: The Basic Course Twelfth Edition PowerPoint™ Presentations prepared by: Naomi Young University of California, San Diego Joseph A. DeVito Hunter College of the City University of New York

Chapter Eleven: Members and Leaders This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Goals Learn About: The kinds of roles members play in groups The types and styles of leadership The role of culture in membership and leadership Learn To: Participate more effectively as a group member Lead a wide variety of groups effectively and efficiently Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Members and Leaders Members Roles- patterns of behaviors that we perform and that we’re expected by others to perform Three Types: Group task roles Group building and maintenance roles Individual roles Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Group Task Roles Initiator-contributor Information seeker Opinion seeker Information giver Opinion giver Elaborator Coordinator Orienter Evaluator-critic Energizer Procedural technician Recorder Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Group Building and Maintenance Roles Encourager Harmonizer Compromiser Gatekeeper-Expediter Standard setter Group observer Follower Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Individual Roles Aggressor Blocker Recognition seeker Self-Confessor Playboy/playgirl Dominator Help seeker Special interest pleader Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interaction Process Analysis Social-Emotional positive contributions Social-Emotional negative contributions Attempted answers Questions Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Member Participation Be group or team oriented Center conflict on issues Be critically open-minded Ensure understanding Beware of groupthink Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Groupthink Behavior Illusion of invulnerability Avoidance Assumption of morality Intolerance of differences of opinion Self-censorship Assumption of unanimity Gatekeeping Peer pressure Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Combating Groupthink Illustrate how simplistic solutions may not solve problem Encourage members to voice disagreement Reward members who do voice disagreement or doubt Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Leaders in Small Group Communication Leadership is the process of influencing the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of group members Leadership is the process of empowering others Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Leaders in Small Group Communication Typically one person serves as leader in a small group Leadership may be shared by several persons A person may be appointed the leader The leader may emerge, or may be elected leader by the group members Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Leaders in Small Group Communication Emergent leaders perform the duties of leadership, and gradually become recognized by the members as the group’s leader Two significant factors on who emerges as group leader: The extent of active participation: The person who talks the most is more likely to emerge as leader Effective listening: Members who listen effectively will emerge as leaders Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Myths About Leadership Myth 1: The skills of leadership are rare Myth 2: Leaders are born Myth 3: All leaders are charismatic Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Approaches to Leadership Traits Approach Functional Approach Transformational Approach Situational Approach Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Function of Leadership Be ready Activate the group agenda Promote group interaction Maintain effective interaction Empower group members Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Membership, Leadership, and Culture Individualism and Collectivism Member Roles Belief Systems Leadership Style Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Knowledge to Action Think of an example of an effective leader that you worked with and what made them effective. How might you incorporate this strategy into your leadership? Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.