Salon services I Chapter 5 Infection control Salon services I Chapter 5

#1 What are bacteria Minute, one celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristic's.

#2 Name and describe the two main classifications of bacteria. Pathogenic; bad, harmful, cause disease, produces pus, makes you sick Non pathogenic; good, harmless, beneficial, breaks down dead matter, helps in digestion

PATHOGENIC Produce disease and sickness harmful

NON PATHOGENIC Harmless Non disease causing

Stages of life of bacteria Active: grow, multiple, divide Inactive: growth is slowed, spore forming state, becomes dormant Bacteria changes stages when conditions become favorable or unfavorable-such as food source or temperature

#3 What are some of the beneficial functions performed by non pathogenic bacteria? Help metabolize food protect against infectious microorganisms stimulate immune system Breaks down dead matter

#4 Name and describe the three forms of bacteria. Cocci round cells Bacilli rod cells Spirilla spiral cells

Cocci round cells clusters, pairs, chains

Bacilli rod shaped cells

Spirilla spiral shaped cells

Reproduction of cells Mitosis; cells divide in half Sister Cells Active stage

Movement of bacteria COCCI are the slowest movers-they flow with the fluids surrounding them

Bacilli based infection MYCOBACTERIUM FORTUTITUM

Pedicure/hot tub/showers bacilli

#5 What is the difference between local and general infections? Local infections: in one area, can see pus and redness; pimple or abscess General infection: can only see or hear symptoms, cough, sniffles, sneezing; gets in bloodstream carries bacteria all over the body

Local and general infections

#6 How are viruses different from bacteria? Viruses invade bacteria by penetrating the cells and becoming part of them Viruses can’t live on their own Anti-biotic won’t effect viruses Vaccinations can prevent viruses if one exists Viruses need to run their course

viruses Mumps Measles HIV AIDS Chicken pox Small pox Rabies Influenza Polio Yellow fever hepatitis

#7 How does AIDS affect the body. How is it transmitted #7 How does AIDS affect the body? How is it transmitted? How is it not transmitted? AIDS; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: breaks down the immune system allowing simple sicknesses to be fatal. AIDS is transmitted from person to person, blood and body fluids, unprotected sex, sharing needles, accidents with needles in health care, cuts and sores coming in contact with infected person. AIDS cannot be transmitted by casual contact, sharing food, household items or airborne contact.

#8 What is a contagious or communicable disease? A disease that is spread from person to another by any form or method. Can be as simple as a common cold or as deadly as meningititus

#9 Define immunity and name two types. Immunity; the bodies ability to destroy any bacteria that has gained entrance and resist the infection. Natural is born with you or inherited Acquired is developed as you grow and as you get vaccinations or after you’ve had a sickness

Immune system The army inside your body that fights illnesses Low immunity increases illnesses Outside influences increase or decrease immunity HIV / AIDS attack immune system Human immunodeficiency virus Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Aids causes simple illnesses to become fatal

#10 Describe the procedure for taking care of a blood spill. Stop and clean injured area Apply antiseptic Cover injury with band aid or other appropriate dressing Use finger guard or gloves as needed Clean client and workstation Discard all disposable objects by double bagging and label bio hazard Wash hands with soap and warm water Disinfect all tools contaminated with blood or body fluids by immersion in an EPA registered disinfectant that hills HIV-1 and Hepatitis B (hospital grade disinfectant) In class, don’t touch the blood or the area, call the teacher, don’t panic, be aware of blood spray or splatter (coughing or gagging) and always use common sense when something happens to produce blood.

#11 What is decontamination #11 What is decontamination? Explain the three levels of decontamination. Decontamination is the removal of pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces. Sanitation: reduces the number of pathogens, lowest level, can be as simple as washing your hands or taking the hair out of the bristles of a brush Disinfection: second level, does not kill spores but control microorganisms on hands and simple surfaces (manicure equipment, salon implements, tables, toilet seats, etc.) Sterilization: Highest level, kills every organism on a surface whether harmful or harmless; not practical in the salon, mostly used in medical or research labs and clean rooms.

Hospital grade Non hospital grade Disinfectants Must be virucidal, bacterialicidal, pseudomonacidal, fungicidal Non hospital grade Commerical use, household use, kills most but not all pathogenic bacteria

products Antiseptics – for use on living tissue, doesn’t kill all pathogenic bacteria due to strength issues Disinfectants – Non hospital grade Hospital grade pseudonomacidal, bactericide, virucidal, fungicidial

#12 What if efficacy and why is it important Efficacy; the power to produce an effect; in a chemical it is the ability to control bacteria, funguses and viruses. A efficacy statement is listed on the label (MSDS) of chemicals to the strength of bacteria control or destruction.

#13 What is an MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet This is information required on all products containing any type of chemical as to the dangers, handling and storage requirements.

MSDS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

#14 List and describe three types of salon disinfectants. Quaternary ammonium compounds; non toxic, odorless, fast acting, good for disinfecting implements. Phenols; caustic poison that can be safe and effective if used according to the directions. Mostly used on metal items, usually a 5% solution is effective Sodium hypochlorite (common bleach); effective disinfection, not designed for salon implements, used in restrooms and as a required laundry additive

Ultra sonic cleaner used to clean small items such as piercing tools and tattoo needles. Must add effective disinfectant

OSHA occupational safety health agency Protects employees at the work place Requires protective wear Requires safe work space Requires clean work surroundings

EPA Environmental protection agency Registers chemicals Controls pollutants in the air, land and water

#15 Explain how to disinfect the following: Implements for haircutting: Pre clean Rinse pat dry Wear goggles and gloves Mix solvent or chemical Immerse implements Remove implements Rinse, air dry Place in clean, closed disinfecting cabinet Linens and capes: Launder and bleach according to label directions Electrical equipment: wipe and spray with EPA registered product for electrical equipment. Work surfaces: Use EPA registered disinfectant and follow manufactures directions

#16 List at least six precautions to follow when using disinfectants. Wear gloves Add chemical to water not water to chemical Use tongs, gloves or draining basket to remove item from chemical Keep away from children Don’t pour disinfectants over hands Carefully weigh and measure chemicals Don’t use un marked bottles or containers Follow manufactures direction exactly

#17 What are Universal Precautions? A set of guidelines and controls, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and specified body fluids are infectious for HIV, AIDS, or other bloodborn pathogens. Universal precautions include hand washing, gloving, personal protective equipment such as goggles, injury prevention, and proper handling and disposal of needles and products that have been contaminated by blood or other body fluids.