1. In this chapter you will be learning about:
Salon Ecology
In this chapter you will be learning about:
Microbiology
Infection Control
First Aid and Safety

3. Microbiology
The study of small living organisms called microbes, such as bacteria.
Because infectious bacteria and viruses are easily transmitted from person to person, it is important that a professional cosmetologist, coming in contact with many people on a daily basis, understands particular aspects of microbiology.

4. Bacteria Bacteria - One-celled microorganisms; germs; microbes.
The study of bacteria is referred to as bacteriology.
Germ – is a non-scientific name for small organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses that invade the body and cause disease.

5. NONPATHOGENIC Nonpathogenic - Harmless, non-disease producing bacteria
Cause decay of refuse, improve fertility of soil
Can be beneficial (ex. Yogurt has health enhancing bacteria.)
Saprophytes – live on dead matter do not produce disease.
70% of all bacteria are nonpathogenic

6. PATHOGENIC Pathogenic bacteria - Live everywhere
Cause of infection and disease and some produce toxins.
Spread easily
In salon by using unsanitary styling implements
Dirty hands and fingernails
Have distinct shapes that aid in their microscopic identification.

7. Growth of Bacteria
It is very important to keep areas clean, dry and unfavorable for bacterial growth!
Bacteria grow best in warm, damp conditions.
Bacteria grow through a growth cycle that consists of two stages:
Active
Inactive

8. Active Bacteria Reproduce and Grow Rapidly
Grow in dark, damp, dirty areas where a food source is available.
Grow in size and divide creating two cells.
As much as16 million cells can produce in as little as 12 hours

9. Inactive Bacteria Conditions unfavorable = No Growth
Form spores not hurt by disinfection, cold or heat.
Conditions good – they return to active stage.

10. External Parasites Scabies, Itch Mite, Head Lice
Caused by parasitic animals
Certain insects that cause contagious disease.
Head Lice
Transmitted directly from one person to another, or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person.
Symptoms: scratching, redness, or small bite marks on the scalp.
Treat by using a pediculicide (lice-killing) shampoo.

11. Infection Control
Infection Control – Efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill certain or all microbes.
Understanding how to destroy microbes and prevent disease from spreading in the salon will help protect professional cosmetologists and their clients from the unnecessary spread of infectious diseases and maintain a safe, efficient working environment.

12. Liquid Soap vs. Bar Soap

14. Accidents and emergencies happen everywhere
Accidents and emergencies happen everywhere. Basic knowledge of first aid will prove invaluable.

15. First aid in the salon
Everyone in the salon needs to know the location of the first aid kit, fire extinguishers and alarm systems.
Stock the first aid kit with extra bandages, antiseptic and aspirin.
Numbers for police, fire and poison control should be posted alongside the first-aid kit.

16. Sanitation safety
Every state cosmetology board and school has extensive training in sanitation. People who work in salons have intimate contact with skin, ill people and sometimes blood. Scissors, razors, nippers and facial implements sometimes result in cuts. Using gloves and hand sanitizer is advisable to protect employee and client health. All state board sanitation regulations for disinfecting implements, files, scissors and razors should be posted and followed.

17. Debris
Cutting hair leaves debris on floors. Be diligent about sweeping up hair from around stations immediately after a haircut. Nail clippings on the floor in the manicure area and towels carelessly left in the spa are unsightly and dangerous. Train your staff to be aware of how they can prevent accidents that damage salon equipment and furniture and injure people.