REVISION Tropical Rainforest Case Study Papua New Guinea

What do these words mean? Exploitation Sustainable Development Conservation

Key Terms Exploitation environment is used in a way that it will be of no use to future generations Sustainable development development of an area in a way that will help preserve it for future use Conservation - managing the environment in a way to protect it from change

Introduction Where is the case study? What kind of ecosystem exists in Papua New Guinea? Provide information on the population

Introduction Where: Eastern half of New Guinea and surrounding islands, SE of Asia, NW of Australia What: Consists of rainforest (3rd largest area in world) & coral reefs Rich ecosystem (9000 species plant, 250 species of mammal, 700 species of bird) 4 National Parks including ‘McAdam’ Who: Population: 4.5 M, many living in rainforests farming for themselves. Difficult to provide services to people; 70%literacy rate but lower in remote area, 12,500 people to a doctor

Exploitation Government plans exists attempting to legalise logging. The rainforest has been mapped and areas sold to TNC’s for logging Land owners are not consulted and made to agree for little money in return Landowners get 10 kina per m3 Loggers sell at 160 kina per m3

Exploitation Give examples of exploitation in Papua New Guinea. Be specific- where are we talking about?

Aitape Government organised logging of 5,000 hectares, 85% owned by companies, 15% by locals. To be cleared to grow palm oil but this needs fertile soils and nutrients are lost after felling. A drop in the hardwood markets resulted in the project stopping after clearance of 1,000 hectares. What are the problems with this???

Sissano Lagoon Area with high priority for marine bio-diversity & prawn fishing. A very fragile coral reef ecosystem. In 1996, Lou Oil Palm Project planned for area. This involved moving the Sissano community inland. Forests were lost which in turn altered sediment levels which disturbed and killed off coral reef.

Sustainable Development Many countries have given aid to Papua New Guinea to help them to sustainably develop the rainforest.

Examples of sustainable development Outline what happened at Kikori Basin. Explain about the Collingwood Bay Community Land Care Project.

Kikori Basin Chevron Inc discovered oil here in 1990’s and a pipeline was built to export oil. Partnership between Chevron and Kutubu Joint Venture Project exists to work with locals to allow them to use resources e.g. sale of butterflies, fish farming to managing conserved areas. Training for locals is provided. As a result 10,000 villagers lives and environment has improved.

Collingwood Bay To protect nature and cultural heritage. To help Masin locals plan for sustainable development through ecotourism. Development of cottage industries – Greenpeace has helped with the selling of Tapa cloth in the USA. Production is kept small-scale.

Tapa Cloth

Examples of Conservation Crater Mountain

Eco-lodges

Conservation Ecotourism has been introduced to help conserve Crater Mountain. Crater Mountain is an area filled with various species of wildlife but also threatened by logging, mining and oil drilling. The area was declared a Wildlife Management area to encourage the government not to permit destruction of the area. They have now set up eco-lodges built for visitors to experience a nature-based holiday and local people were used as guides. Literacy levels amongst guides were a problem.

Conflicts between groups of people involved What do you think the main conflicts were? What would the TNC’s opinions be? What would the local tribes people’s opinions be?

Typical Questions With reference to an area you have studied explain how exploitation affects the tropical rainforest [6] Explain what is meant by the term ‘sustainable development’ [2]. With reference to an area you have studied describe sustainable projects put in place and how they affected the local area and people [6]

Remember to be specific! Classrooms>Geography>GCSE Revision LEARN IT!! Remember to be specific! You should have all of these notes already but see the school website if you are missing anything. Classrooms>Geography>GCSE Revision