1. Rainforests 3 countries where Rainforests are located. 2 reasons why the Rainforest should be protected. 1 line of latitude where most Rainforests are found. LO : To be able to explain the effects of resource extraction from tropical rainforests.

2. Tropical rainforest of the world BrazilEcuador Peru IndonesiaCameroon 1.Mark on areas of tropical rainforest and 2.Using your Atlas indicate the location of the countries in the purple box. Challenge: Describe the distribution of tropical rainforest. You have got 7 mins to do this. Beat the clock!

4. Fragile Environments require Sustainable Management Any environment which can be easily damaged is classified as fragile – most environments will recover but we will not be around to see the full recovery. Sustainable is…?

5. 5 What are fragile environments? Fragile environments are those biomes that under threat form change, damage or unsustainable use. Although natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, can cause a lot of damage, it is mainly human intervention that causes the most – even seemingly natural events like floods and droughts are often made worse by man.

6. 6 What are the issues? Undeveloped land is becoming scarcer: as there is less undeveloped land available, the pressure increases on that that remains. Protecting biodiversity (plants and animals) is more difficult: we want to conserve that which we have but our desire to visit and see these areas is destroying them Desert edges are becoming deserts through overgrazing and the removal of trees/shrubs which give rise to soil erosion, and the decreasing rainfall all combine to turn productive farmland into useless scrub.

7. Quiz! Tropical rainforests are being destroyed at the rate of 2 000 hectares per day 32 000 hectares per day 320 000 hectares per day. The size of the remaining forest is about 5% 15% 25% of the world’s land surface. 1250 to 6600 1500 to 4000 1350 to 5000 mm of rain falls yearly. [Compared with UK -750 - 1000 mm] Tropical rainforests produce 20% 40% 60% of Earth's oxygen. [1 hectare is 10 000 square metres]

8. Why is this happening ?

9. Why is the rainforest being cleared? Mining of minerals There are activities whereby resources are extracted from the rainforest. Gas projects Oil extraction Commercial logging

11. What pressure are there on the Rainforest? What other problems are there after deforestation? Do you think these activities are justified? Be prepared to explain your answer.

12. Case study: Oil extraction in Oriente Region, Ecuador Link to water unit (water pollution) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx8PVcIr MCA Watch the video: What is being extracted? What is the impact of this extraction?

13. The Oriente (East) region Consists of 13 million hectares of tropical rainforests Lies at the headwaters of the Amazon river basin One of the most diverse collections of animals and wildlife in the world- many endangered Also home to 95,000 indigenous people and 250,000 immigrants who have moved in search of land and work.

14. The extraction Many LICs have a history of being exploited- colonies supply the home power with resources. The industry is dominated by multi nationals such as Texaco. Little attention has been paid to non economic concerns.

15. Impacts…. Oil has discharged 4.3 million barrels of toxic waste into the environment each day. Toxic contaminants in dinking water have reached 1,000 times the safe standard Increases in gastrointestinal problems, skin rashes, birth defects and cancers (stomach cancer 5x more in areas with oil extraction. Miscarriage high amongst indigenous people such as Huaorani. Plants such as periwinkle (used to cure childhood leukemia) are now endangered. The oil has only benefitted a few- many have become poorer- social inequalities. Only 20 years of oil left in the Amazon.

16. Oil Extraction in the Amazonian Rainforest Where is this case study located (don’t guess) Who are TEXACO? What tribal group is involved? How much oil has been removed? What effect has the drilling had? What has happened to the indigenous peoples? What clean up efforts have been made? What are peoples opinions on the oil extraction? Just how big is the Amazon? How many countries does it cover?

17. Task: You are looking to explain the effects of resource extraction on the rainforest. You will receive a card which describes resource extraction in a particular country. Highlight in one colour the extraction. Then highlight in another colour the effect of that extraction. Put the key information into your table. You need to know your case study to be able to share it with some one else in the class. You then need to move around the room to find two other countries and in return share your country. Challenge! How could the Rainforest be managed sustainably?

18. Country Effect of extractionConsequence… Effect of resource extraction on tropical rainforests.

19. The extraction of resources from tropical rainforests is having a major impact on the environment. Explain two effects of resource extraction from tropical rainforest areas. Use examples in your answer. (6) Plenary

20. Self assess your answer: Level 1 (1 -2 marks) A basic answer simple descriptive statements Level 2 (3-4 marks) A clear answer Explains but is not specific. Level 3 (5-6 marks) Two explained points. Several specific examples