Industrialization Spreads Chapter 9 Section 3

Main Idea The industrialization that began in Great Britain spread to other parts of the world. The Industrial Revolution set the stage for the growth of modern cities and a global economy.

Introduction Great Britain’s favorable geography, its financial systems, political stability, and natural resources sparked industrialization. British merchants built the world’s first factories. Industrial Revolution soon spread to the United States and continental Europe.

Industrial Development in the United States United States had the same resources as Britain. Rivers, coal, iron ore, and a supply of laborers. War of 1812 – Britain tried to blockade trade to keep the U.S. from trading internationally. America’s response? Manufacture their own goods.

Industrialization in the United States Began in the textile industry. Britain forbade engineers, mechanics and toolmakers to leave the country. However, Samuel Slater emigrated to the U.S. Rebuilt a spinning machine from memory. Led to easy manufacturing of thread.

Lowell, Massachusetts 1813 – Francis Lowell and four others mechanized every stage of textile production. Very successful. When Lowell died, town was named after him. Lowell, Massachusetts became a booming center and model for other towns.

Mill Girls Thousands of women flocked to towns to work in factories. Higher wages and independence. 12 hour days, 6 days a week. Nice alternative to being a servant.

Railroads Railroads played a major role in America’s industrialization. Chicago and Minneapolis expanded greatly during the 1800s. Close location to railroads. Railroads allowed for easy transportation of goods.

"The time will come when people will travel in stages moved by steam engines from one city to another, almost as fast as birds can fly, 15 or 20 miles an hour.... A carriage will start from Washington in the morning, the passengers will breakfast at Baltimore, dine at Philadelphia, and sup in New York the same day.... Engines will drive boats 10 or 12 miles an hour, and there will be hundreds of steamers running on the Mississippi, as predicted years ago." --Oliver Evans, 1800

Rise of Corporation Building businesses, like railroads, required a great deal of money. To raise money, entrepreneurs sold shares of stock. Stock = certain rights of ownership. People who bought stock became an owner of the business, called a corporation. Corporation = a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.

The Impact of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution shifted the world balance of power. It increased competition between industrialized nations and poverty in less-developed nations. Widened the wealth gap. Industrialization gave Europe economic power. Asia and Africa - still based on agriculture.

Middle Class Development of the middle class created great opportunities for education and democratic participation. Fueled a powerful movement for social reform.

Questions What war led to the United States beginning to industrialize? Why did Britain forbid engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers to leave the country? Which American town became the model for others trying to industrialize? Which two American cities expanded greatly because of the railroads? What is a corporation? What two continents remained agricultural based during the Industrial Revolution?