1. Industrialization Spreads
Ch 9.3

2. California Standards
Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).
Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and the growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution.
Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.
Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism.

3. Warm-Up Industrialization Today
Name countries that are industrialized and developing.
Create a T-Chart like the example shown
Hint: industrialized countries have strong economies, while developing nations have weak economies

4. Industrialized Countries
United States
Any European nation (Britain, France, Italy, etc.)
Australia
Japan
Why do you think these countries industrialized?

5. Developing Countries Most African nations Most Asian nations
Many South American nations
Why do you think these nations have problems industrializing?

6. Industrialization Spreads
The industrialization that began in Great Britain spread to other parts of the world.
The Industrial Revolution (I.R.) in Great Britain set the stage for the growth of modern cities in other countries and encouraged a “global economy”
How?...The I.R. spread to countries that had conditions similar to those in Great Britain.
Why?...Eventually the I. R. spread to the U.S. and to continental Europe because other countries want to adopt the profitable new methods of manufactured goods.

7. Industrialization Spreads
Industrialization is going to spread to……
United States
Belgium
Germany
Other places in Europe based on region not country
Spain’s Catalonia
Northern Italy
Moscow, Russia

9. United States
The United States possessed the same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize
Rivers
Rich deposits of coal and iron ore
Supply of laborers
Farm workers
Immigrants

10. United States Textile Industries
Industrialization began in the textile industry.
Britain tried to keep the secrets of industrialization to themselves
However, Samuel Slater, a British mill worker, emigrated to the U.S. and built a spinning machine
Moses Brown opened first factory in the U.S. housing Slater’s machines

11. United States Textile Industries
As inventions led to more innovations, Francis Cabot Lowell of Boston and a few others revolutionized the American textile industry.
They mechanized every stage in the manufacturing of cloth.
By late 1820s, Lowell, Massachusetts, had become a booming manufacturing center and model for other towns.

12. United States Textile Industries
Thousands of single young women flocked from their rural homes to work as mill girls in factory towns.
Now they made higher wages and had some independence
Worked more than 12 hours a day, 6 days a week, for decent wages

13. United States Industrial Expansion
Post Civil War technological boom
Wealth of natural resources
Oil, coal, iron
Burst of inventions
Light bulb and telephone
Growing urban population
Large market to consume goods

14. United States Industrial Expansion
Railroads p. 296
Allowed cities to expand rapidly
Cities were able to sell their products to the rest of the country
Railroads became a profitable business and set the standards for business in the U.S.

16. United States Industrial Expansion
Rise of Corporations
Building large businesses like the railroads required a lot of money.
Entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (shares of the business ownership) to gain funding (capital)
The people who bought up the stock became part owners of these businesses, called corporations (a business owned by stockholders who share in the profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.).
Corporation were then able to gather large amounts of capital to invest in industrial equipment.
In the late 1800s, companies like Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel Company sprang up and tried to control every aspect of their own industries in order to earn great profits.

17. Corporations Today
McDonald’s
Wal-Mart
Microsoft
Sony
Billabong

18. Continental Europe Industrializes
European countries wanted to adopt the British profitable new ways of making manufactured goods.
Troubles sparked by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars delayed industrialization.
Halted trade
Interrupted communication
Caused inflation in some parts of the continent

19. Belgium

21. Belgium Belgium led Europe in adopting Britain’s new technology
It had rich deposits of iron ore and coal
Waterways for transportation
British carpenter, William Cockerill, illegally made his way to Belgium with secret plans for building spinning machinery
His son built an enormous industrial enterprise in eastern Belgium.
Produced mechanical equipment, steam engines, and railway locomotives.

22. Germany

23. Germany Delayed Industrialization
Politically divided in the early 1800s
Economic isolation
Scattered resources
Pockets of industrialization appeared
Ruhr Valley of west central Germany
Around 1835, Germany began to borrow from the British.
Imported equipment and engineers
Built railroads that linked its manufacturing cities with its natural resources
Economic strength led to military strength as Germany became a industrial and military giant

24. France

25. France Sustained growth occurred after 1830
More measured and controlled than in other countries because their agricultural economy remained strong.
Therefore, they avoided the great social and economic problems caused by industrialization.
Railroad construction after 1850 created a thriving national market for products.

26. Pockets of Industrialization
Bohemia (Czech Republic) developed a spinning industry
Spain’s Catalonia processed more cotton than Belgium
Northern Italy mechanized its textile production
Moscow (Russia) ran factories with serf labor

27. Pockets of Industrialization

28. Spain
Bohemia
Russia
Italy

29. Obstacles to Industrial Growth
French Revolution and wars
Halted trade
Interrupted communication
Caused inflation in some parts of the continent
Political disunity
German Confederation
Social structure
Geographic problems
Austria-Hungary’s mountains halted railroads
Spain lacked both good roads and waterways for canals

31. The Impact of Industrialization
It increased competition between industrialized nations and poverty in less-developed
To keep factories running and workers fed, industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed lands.
Poor countries were viewed as markets for industrialized products
This led to many industrialized nations extending their rule over many less developed nations, a concept called Imperialism