Ch 7 sections 1 & 2 Review

1 _______________ is the average atmospheric or weather conditions in a given region during a time frame of several decades to thousands of years.

2 Wind is an indirect form of ____________________ energy.

3 The highest solar energy input is at ____________________.

4 ____________________ help redistribute heat from the sun, thereby influencing climate and vegetation, especially near coastal areas.

5 A desert is an area where ____________________ exceeds ____________________.

6 ____________________ occur in the interiors of continents in areas too moist for deserts and too dry for forests.

7 Global warming has caused the melting of ____________________ in the tundra, with the release of methane and carbon dioxide, both greenhouse gases.

8 Tropical savannas in East Africa have herds of ____________________ and ____________________ hoofed animals.

9 Temperate shrubland, or chaparral, is found along the coastal regions of ____________________ in the United States, the Mediterranean Sea, central Chile, southern Australia, and southwestern South Africa.

10 Soil nutrients are remarkably sparse in the ____________________, considering the overall high levels of biomass.

11 Vegetation layers in the tropical rain forests are structured mostly according to plants' need for ____________________.

12 Because of a slow rate of ____________________, temperate deciduous forests have nutrient rich soils.

13 Boreal forests are composed of a few species of coniferous evergreen trees with small, needle-shaped leaves. These trees can withstand the intense cold and ____________________ of winter.

14 Climate and vegetation vary with both latitude and _______________.