Science/Foss Unit Study Guide Magnetism and Electricity 4th Grade Rutherford Elementary School Ms. Blair Room 205

Investigation 1 The Force Vocabulary Terms Force – A push or a pull Magnet - An object that sticks to iron Magnetism – A specific kind of force. A property of certain kinds of materials that causes them to attract iron and steel. Temporary magnet –Behaves like a magnet when it is touching a permanent magnet. Induced magnet -The influence of a permanent magnet’s magnetic field on a piece of iron, which make the iron act like a magnet. Graph – Organizes data visually to show a relationship between two things. Prediction – An educated guess based on data or previous experience Intersection - Two lines and the point at which they cross. Attract – Pull towards one another. Repel – Push away. Content/ Concepts Learned Magnets stick to iron. Two magnets can attract and repel. Magnetism can be induced only in iron or steel ( and a few other metals) The magnetic force acts through space and most materials. The magnetic force of attraction between two magnets decreases with distance. The greater of the distance between two magnets, the weaker the force of attraction.

Investigation 2 Making Connections Vocabulary Terms D-cell – The source of electricity Batter – More than one cell (battery and D-cell used interchangeably) Electricity source - Provides the energy to light the bulb. Electricity receiver –A component that uses the electricity from the source to make something happen. Circuit – A pathway for the flow of electricity. Filament – A bulb is the part that gets hot and produces light Component – D-cell, bulbs, and wires. Circuit base – Holds many components needed to build a circuit. Fahnstock clip – A metal clip that connects wires in a circuit. Switch – A device used to open and close circuits. Open circuit – An incomplete circuit through which electricity flows. Schematic diagram – A way to represent a circuit on a piece of paper. Conductor – A substance, commonly a metal such as copper and aluminum through which electricity will flow. Insulator – A material that prevents the flow of electricity (plastic, rubber, glass or air). Content/ Concepts Learned D-cell is a source of electric energy. A bulb is an energy receiver that produces light To make a complete circuit, electricity must travel in a circle from one end of the battery to the other. A motor is an energy receiver that produces motion. A switch is a device that opens and closes a circuit. Schematic diagrams represent circuits.

Investigation 3 Advanced Connections Vocabulary Terms Series circuit – A circuit with only one pathway of current flow. Parallel circuit – Splits into two or more pathways before coming together at the battery. Content/Concepts Learned A circuit with only one pathway for current flow is a series circuit. Components in a series circuit “share” the electric energy. Cells in a series must be oriented in the same direction. Components in a parallel circuit each have a direct pathway to the energy source. A single D-cell can run many components when they are connected in parallel.

Investigation 4 Current Attraction Vocabulary Terms Electromagnet – A coil of wire, usually wound around a core of iron and steel, which produces a magnetic field when electricity flows though the wire. Core – The material around which a coil is wound. Coil – Wire wound repeatedly around a central core. Content/Concepts Learned A magnet can be made by winding an insulated wire around an iron core and running current through the wire. The magnetism produced by an electromagnet can be turned on and off. The more winds on the core of an electromagnet the stronger the magnetism. Tighter coils produce a stronger electromagnet. All the coils need to wound in the same direction. A D-cell added in series makes a stronger electromagnet; added in parallel, it does not strengthen the electromagnet. Thicker wires make a stronger electromagnet.

Investigation 5 Click It Vocabulary Terms Technology – Applies the results of scientific research. Telegraph – A device for sending coded messages by signals produced by closing and opening an electric circuit. Key – A switch that completes the circuit in a telegraph system. Gap – The space between the steel strip and the electromagnet. Code – A set of signals that represents letters or words for sending messages. Long-distance – refers to something that is far away. Content/Concepts Learned Technology uses science to solve problems. A telegraph is an electric communication device The clicks produced by the telegraph can be made into a code. A code is a symbolic system used for communication. To connect two telegraphs for two-way communication, you have to make two complete circuits.

Additional Notes __________________________