PCH First Aid 8th Grade

Review: Basic First Aid Bleeding For small scrapes wash the area with mild soap and water. Heavier bleeding wounds cover with sterile gauze and apply pressure. DO NOT TAKE gauze off of the wound. Just add more if needed. If bleeding does not stop seek medical help.

Review: Basic First Aid Burns First-degree burns: affects top layer of skin. Red and some pain. Run cold water over, do not put ice or ice water over burn. Second-degree burns: affect two layers of skin and cause blisters. Pour cool water over the area, or wet cold compress. Cover the burn with a sterile bandage. If larger than 2 inches go to emergency room.

Review: Basic First Aid Burns Third-degree burns: affect all layers of skin. Some muscle and even bone may be burned. Skin looks dark or dry white. Call for help right away. Cover burn with a clean, wet cloth. Do not remove clothing stud to the burn

Review: Poisoning Poisons can enter your body through your stomach, lungs, and skin. Try to find out what poison was taken. Call your local poison control center.

Review: fractures Broken or cracked bone. Try not to move the injured area. Call for help, or go to the emergency room. You can make a splint (a stiff object to keep area from moving) and wrap it with bandages.

Review: Dislocations A bone has been forced out of its normal position in a joint. Do not try to put a dislocated bone back into place. Do your best to keep the joint from moving, and seek medical help.

Giving first aid Three “C’s” Check Call Care

Check Is it safe? What happened? How many people are involved? Is there immediate danger involved? Is anyone else available to help? What is wrong?

call Call 9-1-1 Police department Fire department Poison control Family doctor Always call before you give care.

Care Do no further harm Monitor the person’s breathing and consciousness. Help the person rest in the most comfortable position. Keep the person form getting chilled or overheated. Reassure the person Give any specific care needed.

Good Samaritan law To help protect people who voluntarily give care without accepting anything in return. If they DO NOT give consent Do not give care but instead call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number

When to call 9-1-1 Person is or becomes unconscious Seizure lasting more than 5 minutes Has trouble breathing Sudden severe headache or slurred speech Chest discomfort Bleeding severely Poisoned Severe (critical burn) Injuries to head, neck or back Pressure or pain in abdomen Possible broken bones Vomiting blood

Protect yourself When giving first aid you may be exposed to: Blood Saliva Other body fluids If available wear protective equipment: Breathing mask Sterile gloves

Checking a conscious person Ask Questions What happened? Do you feel pain or discomfort anywhere? Do you have any allergies? Do you have any medical conditions or are you taking any medication?

Checking a conscious person Checking From Head to Toe Do Not move areas that have discomfort or you suspect head, neck, or back injury Look for cuts, bruises, or bumps. Watch for consciousness. Look for changes in persons breathing

Checking a unconscious person ABC’s Airway Check to see if person has an open airway and is breathing Breathing Listen and feel for movement and breathing for no more than 10 seconds Circulation Check for a pulse. If no pulse you will need to begin CPR.

Caring for shock Shock Caring for Shock Blood flow to body’s tissues and vital organs is not working properly Caring for Shock Call 9-1-1 Have the person lie down Control external bleeding

How to give a rescue breath After checking an ill or injured person No movement or breathing Step 1 Tilt head and lift chin, then pinch nose shut Step 2 Take a breath and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth Step 3 Blow into to make chest clearly rise. (Should last about 1 second) What to do next If breath goes it – begin CPR If breaths do not go in – give care for unconscious choking.

cpr CardioPulmonary Resuscitation Technique used to save a victim who isn’t breathing and who doesn’t have a heartbeat.

CPR - adult After checking an ill or injured person No signs of life Step 1 Give cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. 1 ½ - 2 inches downward. Step 2 Continue CPR until Scene becomes unsafe You find a sign of life AED is ready to use You are too exhausted to continue Another trained responder arrives and takes over

Cpr - adult You should do 5 cycles in 2 minutes What to do next 30 chest compressions for every 2 rescue breaths. What to do next Use and AED as soon as one becomes available

Cardiac chain of survival 1. Early recognition and early access Sooner you call 9-1-1 the quicker advanced help arrives. 2. Early CPR Helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital organs. 3. Early defibrillation Electronic shot 4. Early advanced medical care EMTs and paramedics