Innovation, Sustainability and Customer Value Waste Management May 2012 Conversion Technologies and a Changing Industry:

Presentation overview Page 2 ©2012 Waste Management Introduction: Fast facts & trends Summary Beyond Waste: What is on the horizon? The status of new technologies

Company Overview

Waste Management 2011 “Green” vs. “Traditional” Services

Approach to Materials Management Our goal: To minimize environmental impact while optimizing the value of the material that we manage. We don’t manage “waste,” we manage “resources.” We focus on developing sustainable solutions to materials management. These solutions must be environmentally and economically sustainable. We are striving to minimize our customers’ and our own impacts on the environment, and to maximize the value of the materials we manage. To be sustainable, our solutions must meet the varying needs of the communities and customers we serve across the country.

WM and New Technologies What Does it Look like?

Four Platforms of Focus Renewable Energy Utilizing the entire waste stream or converting landfill gases to valuable energy sources Recycling Technology Repurposing segments of the waste stream Consumer Facing & Sustainability Models Promotion of the WM brand, green messaging and sustainability through various retail and/or consumer focused business models Conversion Technologies Converting segments of the waste stream into valuable energy sources Platforms of Focus Platforms of Focus

8 WM’s post-collection portfolio WM’s Beyond Waste technologies WM solutions Traditional recycling Diversion alternatives Waste to energy Landfill “Sorted MSW” Recyclable materials are recovered from solid waste then the residual is gasified to produce electricity or converted to transportation fuels or chemicals A A Enerkem InEnTec Fulcrum Genomatica “Conversion of recovered plastics” Plastics used as a feedstock to produce transportation fuels and chemicals B B Agilyx “Organic alternatives” Pre- and post-consumer food waste and yard waste used as a feedstock to produce compost, electric power, or transportation fuels C C WM Sites/CORe Peninsula Garick Harvest Power Terrabon WM’s investments aim to extract the most value from its customers’ materials

WM invests in “beyond waste” technologies CONVERT MSW TO SYNGAS THAT CAN BE CONVERTED TO FUEL. CONVERT LFG TO NATURAL GAS & SYNTHETIC DIESEL TRANSPORTATION FUEL CONVERT ORGANIC WASTE TO COMPOST & ENERGY THROUGH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION COMPOST AND ENERGY CONVERT MSW TO SYNGAS THAT CAN BE FURTHER CONVERTED TO SPECIALTY CHEMICALS SYNGAS & CHEMICALS EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGIES WM HAS INVESTED IN: The materials we manage feed these processes.

Recycling Technologies

Recycling Programs Waste Management is Investing in Convenient Recycling Programs 2020 Goal = 20 Million tons In 2010 we recycled over 10 million tons of material.

Single Stream Recycling Single-stream recycling greatly increases participation - on average up to 50 percent more recyclable materials Helps lower costs and emissions by reducing transportation while capturing new volume Employs advanced recycling technology including magnets, screens and optical scanners to automate the sorting of recyclables Improves local recycling programs by increasing capacity while maintaining material quality

E-Waste Recycling Fastest growing commodity in the waste stream In 2009, WM processed 12 million pounds of e-waste WM operates over 200 eCycling collection depots North America, with a goal of having a recycling center within 20 miles of 95 percent of the population WM's seven e-cycling facilities have been certified by Basel Action Network. The company has also adopted R2/RIOS standards.

Organics Recycling WM estimates that million tons are organic in nature from the materials we manage (excluding recycled paper, OCC, wood, YW, FW, etc). WM currently manages over 2.0 million tons of organics to beneficial uses including composting, mulch operations WM currently operates 36 Organics Facilities, has another that will start up in the next several weeks, and more in the permitting process.

Renewable Energy Solutions

Transportation Investment Our goal is to reduce our fleet emissions by 15% and improve fuel efficiency by 15% by With over 1,400 natural gas trucks on the road today, we have the largest fleet of “vocational” heavy duty natural gas trucks in the waste industry. We are adding almost 500 more this year alone. We are investing in public fueling stations, which help provide the necessary infrastructure for natural gas fueling. Our investment in natural gas displaced 8 million gallons of diesel with natural gas in This will grow to 12.8 million gallons in WM is transitioning to a natural gas fleet

Renewable Energy Production WM is one of the largest renewable energy companies in North America Our 17 Waste-to-energy plants produce enough energy to provide power to 650,000 homes. Our 129 landfill gas-to-energy plants generate enough renewable energy to power nearly 500,000 homes. We generate more renewable energy than the entire U US solar industry. WM energy projects create enough energy to power more than 1.1 million homes, displacing the need for 21 million barrels of oil each year

Looking to the Future: Conversion Technology Partners

New Technologies Over 550 companies are investing in new conversion technologies. Only facilities are currently operating. Most are on Japan and Europe due to policies and cost drivers. There is no single solution – we’ll need a range of technologies to achieve our energy goals. Companies are investing in technology to capture energy

Emerging Technologies Raw Organic Waste Chemicals Consumer Gasoline Transportation Ethanol Transportation CNG/LNG Transportation Power Electricity Compost Retail Lawn & Garden Compost Bulk/Wholesale Lawn & Garden

Harvest Power’s anaerobic digesters will create biogas that will be used to generate renewable electricity from organic material. Converting organics to renewable energy

Page 22 ©2012 Waste Management Terrabon is developing a process that will ultimately convert food waste into biofuel (i.e. green gasoline or diesel fuel) Converting organics to biofuel

Converts low value, hard to recycle and contaminated plastics into a high value, synthetic crude oil. The first plant is operating in the Portland, Oregon area with the second in the final permitting process. Converting mixed-waste-plastics to high-octane syncrude

InEnTec’s plasma gasification technology will produce flexible, clean fuels and energy. The first facility has been constructed in Arlington, Oregon and is ramping up its operations. Converting MSW to alternative transportation fuels, electricity and manufacturing feedstocks

Enerkem’s gasification technology converts waste materials into a locally produced green fuel. Feedstock includes municipal solid waste, construction and demolition wood and forest residuals. Converting waste into ethanol

Produces ethanol from MSW. Fulcrum uses a dual stage gasification process that has been tested over the past two years at a smaller scale. The first plant is permitted and is being built in Storey County, Nevada. Sierra BioFuels will be completed in Converting waste into ethanol

WM has a joint development agreement with Genomatica to research and advance the production of chemicals from MSW. Creates specially designed organisms and manufacturing processes to convert syngas into chemical products. This is the first biology-based process making this conversion, instead of higher energy chemical-based conversions. Converting waste to syngas to chemicals

Renewable Energy Landfill or biogas gas to CNG JV with Linde Group High Mountain Fuels Conversion Gasification of MSW to fuel Commercial-scale facility tpd MSW to ethanol via large-scale plasma gasification Commercial-scale facility tpd Organics to drop-in fuel via anaerobic fermentation Processes high moisture organics which are difficult to gasify Plasma arc gasification of hard to treat non recyclable materials, hazardous wastes, medical wastes etc Low-temperature, smaller scale gasification of biomass to syngas Converts low value, hard-to- recycle waste plastic to synthetic crude oil using pyrolysis Organics to electricity via aerobic and anaerobic digestion Develop proprietary process that utilizes biological organisms that convert syngas to high-value chemicals Waste Management’s New Technology Portfolio Gas-to-liquids Landfill gas, biogas, or natural gas to LNG

Owns largest in-vessel organics composting facility in eastern US Manufacturer and marketer of organic garden products Recycling of food, yard, and biomass residuals into fertilizer and biogas through co-digestion Recycling Consumer-facing Affinity program focused on increasing recycling rates offered as a value enhanced service Dumpster-in-a-bag sold through home improvement stores as a convenient retail friendly alternative to a conventional dumpster Has spun out of OGG into core operations Intelligent, solar-powered recycling/trash compactors reduce collection costs At-your-door collection of household hazardous waste WM’s New Technology Portfolio Asphalt Products Recycles roof shingles into asphalt road products Organic Recycling Mercury Waste Solutions Extracts mercury and phosphor powder from spent fluorescent light bulbs Uses recycled PET to create products with lower density, lower material costs, and fewer environmental impacts than virgin PET

Summary WM is investing in clean energy and technologies. These technologies will help to create more value from the material we manage. They will generate renewable energy and renewable energy that can reduce our reliance on foreign oil while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Many of new technologies are in the pilot phase and will be ready for “prime time” in the next 2-4 years. This is an industry that is evolving quickly. The technologies are likely to change as they develop. There is no “single solution.” We expect to develop a suite of technology solutions over time. We hope to work with our local community partners to divert more material to higher value uses - by recycling more, creating energy and renewable fuel.