When the past connects with the present! Present Perfect When the past connects with the present!

Forms of the present perfect Affirmative and Negative forms I You We They have have not lived in London. worked for Lloyd’s Bank. taken three exams this year. He She It has has not written emails all day. called her boss. taken place yet. Question form Have you finished the report? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he transfered the files yet? Yes, he has. No he hasn’t.

Regular and irregular verbs Regular verbs form a past participle with –ed, like the simple past form. For example: lived, worked, played, wanted, hoped Many form a past participle which adds –en. For example: spoken, eaten, fallen, given, chosen, forgotten, taken Some are identical to the present or base form of the verb. For example: run, put, come, set You must memorize them! There is a list in the grammar manual.

Uses of the Present Perfect USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. I have lived in Paris and London. I have never lived in Berlin. Mr. Smith has phoned twice this morning. You should return his call. Has she ever used a fax machine? In this case we sometimes use adverbs like ever and never.

Use 2: state or action that began in the past and continues in the present It is usually used with time expressions like for + a period of time since + a starting point in time. She has worked for IBM since 1995. He has studied English for 2 hours today.

Use 3: to express recent events that affect the present moment We generally use the following time expressions: just, recently, already, yet I’ve recently finished my Economics course. He hasn’t passed Statistics yet.

You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan,

Practice Write affirmative (+) or negative (-) present perfect sentences. I (speak +) to the boss. I have spoken to the boss. They (eat -) anything. They haven’t eaten anything. She (forget +) my address. ____________________________________ I (make + ) a mistake. ________________________________________ He (read - ) the newspaper today. _______________________________ Mary (go + ) home. ___________________________________________ We (pay - ) our phone bill yet. ___________________________________

Answers 3. She has forgotten my address. 4. I have made a mistake. 5. He hasn’t read the newspaper today. 6. Mary has gone home. 7. We haven’t paid our phone bill yet.

Practice Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" B: I don't know. I (see, never)_________________ that movie. Sam (arrive) _______________ in San Diego a week ago. Sorry, I (forget) ________________ your name. The Prime Minister (sign) _______________ the new law yesterday. A: Bob has a new girlfriend. B: Really, where (meet) ______________ her?

Answers A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" B: I don't know. I have never seen that movie. Sam arrived in San Diego a week ago. Sorry, I have forgotten your name. The Prime Minister signed the new law yesterday. A: Bob has a new girlfriend. B: Really, where did he meet her?