1. the Present Perfect the Present Perfect Continuous Tense the Present Perfect vs. the Present Perfect Continuous Tense 8° A-B-C

2. 1) the Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect has many uses and is very common in English. Generally speaking, the Present Perfect is used to connect the past and the present; we often use this grammar for an action that started in the past, but is still happening today. Here is an Example.....

3. 1) the Present Perfect Tense I have been to San Diego. Meaning = It refers to a life experience. The Present Perfect connects the past and the present.

4. 1) the Present Perfect Tense Another common use of the Present Perfect is... To talk about recently finished actions (often with just) (or yet for negative forms) Examples: Susan has just mopped the floor, so don’t walk on it! Or: She hasn’t mopped the floor yet.

5. 1) the Present Perfect Tense -Form- But... what does “past participle” mean?

6. Past participle for regular verbs: = the same as the simple past tense. Regular verbs require –ed in the simple past tense. For these verbs, the past participle is the same. What is the past participle for these verbs?

7. Past participle for irregular verbs: = depends on the particular verb. memorize Irregular verbs do not take –ed in the simple past. For these verbs, you must memorize the past participle form. Do you know the past participle for these verbs? Note: The simple past and the past participle forms are the same for certain verbs. (i.e., teach, bring, have, send)

8. 2) The Present Perfect Continuous Tense The present perfect continuous is often very similar in meaning to the present perfect tense. Just like the Present Perfect, we can use this grammar to talk about something that started in the past, but is still happening. But the present perfect continuous focuses more on the continuous action. The emphasis is on the duration of the action.

9. Example: It began raining two hours ago. It is STILL raining now. *It has been raining for two hours. This is the present perfect continuous tense.

10. Present Perfect Continuous Form: This grammar has 3 parts:

11. Negative Form: hasn’t (=has not) been +–ing haven’t (=have not) been +–ing John has not been living in L.A. for very long. (or hasn’t been living) I have not been exercising very much recently. (or haven’t been exercising)

12. More Examples of P.P. Continuous: Jane started to work in her garden at 8:00 this morning. Now it is 12:00. She has been working in her garden for 4 hours! Wow! That’s a long time!

13. Where’s Kelly? She’s sleeping. She’s been sleeping for a long time. Sam and Paul are talking in the hallway. They have been talking since their class ended.