English Language II

Unit 8 - Vocabulary permanent / ˈ p ɚ m ə n ə nt/ - [more permanent; most permanent] : lasting or continuing for a very long time or forever : not temporary or changing – stalan The museum's permanent collection includes works of art from the 18th century. The transcripts will serve as a permanent record of the proceedings. temporary / ˈ t ɛ mp ə ˌ reri/ - continuing for a limited amount of time : not permanent – privremen a temporary job The delay is only temporary.

Unit 8 - Vocabulary stray / ˈ stre ɪ / - to go in a direction that is away from a group or from the place where you should be (often used figuratively) - odlutati She never strayed [=deviated] from the path her parents envisioned for her. The class discussion strayed [=deviated] from the original topic. reluctant /r ɪˈ l ʌ kt ə nt/ - feeling or showing doubt about doing something : not willing or eager to do something – nerad, preko volje We were reluctant to get involved.

Unit 8 - Vocabulary to attend a conference to declare a discussion open to ask for the floor in one’s capacity a good deal of experience to take a vote

Present Perfect Continuous Tense I have been singing The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is: Subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb have/has + been + V-ing

Present Perfect Continuous Tense The negative is formed by adding not to the auxiliary. I have not been singing The interrogative is formed by inverting the auxiliary and the subject. Have I been singing?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense Examples of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense: I have been waiting for one hour. You have been talking too much. It has not been raining. We have not been playing football. Have you been seeing her? Have they been doing their homework?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 1. to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now. I'm tired [now] because I 've been running. Why is the grass wet [now] ? Has it been raining ? You don't understand [now] because you have n't been listening.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 2. to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since. I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.] We 've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still studying now.] How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.]

Present Perfect Continuous Tense For and since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years. We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense I have been studying for 3 hours. I have been watching TV since 7pm. Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks. Tara hasn't been visiting us since March. He has been playing football for a long time. He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense IMPORTANT Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?" can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.