1. The English Tenses
Intermediate and up

2. The Present There are 4 possibilities: Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous

3. Present Simple (1) When to use: Adjuncts: Routines and habits
Permanent situations or facts
States
Adjuncts:
always - sometimes
(n)ever - seldom
usually - often
on Mondays - in weekends
every day/week/month/year

4. Present Simple (2) Form: Examples:
I, you, we, they work / dress / carry
He, she, it works / dresses / carries
In questions and negative sentences + do(n’t)/ does(n’t)
Examples:
Water boils at 100 degrees.
It often rains in Holland.
I go to school by bike every day.
He doesn’t work in weekends.

5. Present Continuous (1) When to use: Adjuncts: Actions in progress now
Temporary actions around now
Change and development
Adjuncts:
now today
at the moment - this weekend
Look, …. - this year

6. Present Continuous (2) Form: Examples: I am working
He, she, it is leaving
We, you, they are lying
Examples:
Look, he is wearing a new sweater.
She is always talking during class!!!
I am visiting my aunt tomorrow.
I am studying for my English test today.

7. Present Perfect (1) When to use: Adjuncts:
Actions and states that began in the past and continue up to now
Actions completed at an unspecified time in the past
Adjuncts:
Just, (n)ever, already, yet, recently, lately
since …, for …

8. Present Perfect (2) Form Examples
I, you, we, they have walked / gone (3rd row)
He, she, it has loved / sent (3rd row)
Examples
He has lived in Sleeuwijk since 2001.
How long have you known her?
They have never watched a James Bond movie.
I can’t come, I have broken my leg.

9. Present Perfect Continuous
When to use:
Actions in progress over a period of time up to now
Form:
I have been drinking/ he has been working
Examples:
I have been working for this company for 20 years.
He has been studying for hours.

10. The Past There are 4 possibilities Past Simple Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous

11. Past Simple (1) When to use: Adjuncts:
Actions completed at a specific time in the past
Adjuncts:
yesterday - two days ago
during the war - this morning
last week/month/year - in 1998
when I was young

12. Past Simple (2) Form: Examples: I worked We went (2nd row)
With questions and negative sentences + did(n’t)
Examples:
He worked for the government 10 years ago.
They didn’t teach English in the 19th century.
John lost his legs during the war.
When did you go to France?

13. Past Continuous (1) When to use: Adjuncts:
Actions in progress in the past
Actions in progress when something else happened
Adjuncts:
While …
When ….

14. Past Continuous (2) Form: Examples: I, he, she, it was walking
We, you, they were listening
Examples:
While I was reading, my mother came home.
When I was driving home, a car bumped into me.

15. Past Perfect (1) When to use: Adjuncts:
The earlier of two past actions.
Adjuncts:
before
after
Most adjuncts of the Present Perfect can be used as well

16. Past Perfect (2) Form: Examples: I had worked We had seen (3rd row)
When I entered the house, the thief had already gone.
I had locked the front door before I left.
After he had told me the story, I went to the police office to check.

17. Past Perfect Continuous
When to use:
Actions in progress over a period of time in the past
Form:
I had been lying
Examples
I had been working for that company for 20 years before I was fired.
I had been studying for hours so I decided I deserved a break.

18. The Future (1) There are 4 possibilities: Present Simple
Present Continuous
Shall / will
Be + going to + infinitive

19. Present Simple (Future)
When to use:
timetables
Examples:
The train for Amsterdam leaves at 10 o’clock.
School starts at Be there.

20. Present Continuous (Future)
When to use
Arrangements such as appointments, meetings or events in the near future. They suggest the future is as sure as the present
Examples
I am leaving tomorrow, my bag is packed.
He has been working hard because he is spending a year in Australia after his exams.

21. Shall / will When to use: Examples: Spontaneous decisions
Predictions based on opinions
Shall must be used in questions with I / we, in other sentences will can be used in all cases.
Examples:
I hear the door bell. I will answer it!
I think he will pass the test, he studied hard.
Shall I help you with your homework?

22. Be + going to + ww When to use: Examples:
Predictions based on evidence that we can see, hear or feel.
Plans, intentions and ambitions
Examples:
Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.
I am going to leave tomorrow.
My dad is going to work at the office next week.