The American Revolution

Main Menu Vocabulary: Chapter 5 British Leaders Boston Tea Party Patriot Leaders Boston Massacre Battles Declaration of Independence Causes Protest Methods

Chapter 5 Vocabulary: Cause to the American Revolution Click to go back to main menu 11. Boston Massacre 12. Committee of correspondence 13. Tea Act 14. Boston Tea Party 15. Intolerable Act 16. First Continental Congress 17. Militia 18. Minuteman 19. Battles of Lexington and Concord 1. The French and Indian War 2. Albany Plan of Union 3. Treaty of Paris, 1763 4. Pontiac’s War 5. Proclamation Act of 1763 6. Stamp Act 7. Boycott 8. Repeal 9. Townshend Acts 10. Writ of assistance

French and Indian War The French and Indian War was a war that took place from 1754 to 1763 between England and France. Both aided by Native American Allies, that led to the end of French power in North America.

Albany Plan of Union The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies and provided for the common defense against the French. Benjamin Franklin’s Cartoon. Created cartoon to convince colonists to accept his Albany Plan of Union.

Treaty of Paris, 1763 The Treaty of Paris of 1763 was an agreement between Britain and France that ended the French and Indian War, and it marked the end of French power in North America.

Treaty of Paris,1763 Treaty that ended the French and Indian War. The treaty ended French power in North America and made Great Britain the most powerful European country in the New World.

Pontiac's War Indian Territory Pontiac’s War was a 1763 conflict between Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area and eventually led to the Proclamation Act of 1763. Indian Territory

Appalachian Mountains Proclamation Act of 1763 The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. Halt! Appalachian Mountains

Stamp Act The Stamp Act was a 1765 law that placed new duties on legal documents, and taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing cards and dice.

Repeal Repeal means to cancel. After colonists boycotted certain goods taxed by the British government, parliament would repeal the tax.

Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts were laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paint, and lead.

Writ of Assistance Writ of Assistance was a legal document that allowed British customs officials to inspect a ship’s cargo without giving a reason.

Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre was a 1770 conflict between colonists and British troops in which five colonists were killed. Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston Massacre.

Committee of Correspondence Committee of Correspondence was a letter writing campaign that became a major tool of protest in the colonies.

Boycott A boycott is a refusal to buy goods or service. This was a popular protest method used by the colonists against British taxes.

Tea Act The Tea Act was a 1773 law that let the British East India Company bypass tea merchants and sell tea directly to colonists.

Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was a 1773 protest in which colonists dressed as Indians and dumped British tea into Boston harbor.

Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws passed in 1774 to punish colonist in Boston for the Boston Tea Party. To punish the colonists, King George III closed the port of Boston until the tea that was destroyed was repaid for. The colonists could not have anymore town meetings. And a new Quartering act was introduced.

First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was a meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from the 12 colonies in 1774. In this meeting, delegates debated on what to do about the Intolerable Acts. They decided to boycott British products and to start militias throughout the colonies.

Militia A militia is an army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency.

Minuteman A Minuteman was a colonial militia volunteer who was prepared to fight at a minute’s notice.

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the Revolutionary War in 1775.

Chapter 6 Vocabulary: The Revolutionary War Click to go back to main menu 12. Preamble 13. Natural rights 14. Battle of Long Island 15. Battle of Trenton 16. Battle of Saratoga 17. Ally 18. Valley Forge 19. Battle of Cowpens 20. guerrilla 21. Siege 22. Battle of Yorktown 23. Treaty of Paris 24. ratify Olive Branch Petition Green Mountain Boys Continental Army Patriot Loyalist Battle of Bunker Hill Blockade Mercenary Common Sense Traitor Declaration of Independence

Olive Branch Petition The Olive Branch Petition was a peace petition sent to King George by colonial delegates after the battles of Lexington and Concord declaring their loyalty to the king asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts. The olive branch is symbol of peace.

Green Mountain Boys Ethan Allen The Green Mountain Boys were Vermont colonial militia led by Ethan Allen, which made a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga, giving Americans control of the key route.

Continental Army The Continental Army was the patriot army established by the Second Continental Congress to fight the British.

Patroit A Patriot was a colonist who favored war against Great Britain.

Loyalist A loyalist was a colonist who remained loyal to Britain.

Battle of Bunker Hill Battle of Bunker Hill Battle of Bunker was the first major battle of the Revolution in 1775. Battle of Bunker Hill

Blockade A blockade is the shutting off of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out. Great Britain used their navy to blockade the colonies so they could not get supplies from foreign countries.

Mercenary A mercenary is a soldier who fights for money and is often from a foreign country. The British hired mercenaries form Germany called Hessians to fight the patriots.

Common Sense Common Sense was an essay published in 1776 by Thomas Paine that urged the colonies to declare independence.

Traitor Benedict Arnold A traitor is a person who betrays his or her country. Benedict Arnold (pictured below) betrayed the Continental Army when he planned to give the British West Point. The plan was discovered and he fled to join the British. Benedict Arnold

Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is a 1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and independent nation.

Preamble A preamble is introduction to a declaration, constitution or other official document.

Natural Rights Natural Rights are rights that belong to people from birth.

Battle of Long Island Battle of Long Island The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 battle in New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or captured. Battle of Long Island

Battle of Trenton Delaware River Washington crossing Battle of Trenton The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in New Jersey in which George Washington’s troops captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise attack. Delaware River Washington crossing the Delaware River Battle of Trenton

Battle of Saratoga Battle of Saratoga The Battle of Saratoga was the first major American victory in the Revolution, which ended the British threat in New England in 1777. Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to an American victory. The Battle convinced France to support the patriots. Battle of Saratoga

Ally France became our ally after the Battle of Saratoga. An ally is a nation, or person, who works with another for a common purpose. France became our ally after the Battle of Saratoga.

Valley Forge Valley Forge Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of Washington’s Continental Army encampment during the winter of 1777-1778. Valley Forge

Battle of Cowpens Battle of Cowpens The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in South Carolina, where Americans won an important victory over the British. Battle of Cowpens

Guerrilla Guerrilla is a term used for a soldier who uses hit and run tactics against the enemy. Guerrilla warfare is the use of hit and run tactics.

Siege A siege is a military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to surrender.

Battle of Yorktown Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle in the Revolution. This battle in 1781 forced the British to surrender. Battle of Yorktown

Treaty of Paris, 1783 Peace treaty between Great Britain and the United States that recognized the United States as an independent country.

Ratify Ratify means to approve of something.

Causes Click to go back to main menu

Taxation Without Representation After the French and Indian War, King George III decided to reduce the debt of Great Britain from the war by taxing the colonists. The colonists did not like this because they had no say on the taxes that were imposed on them by parliament. They called this taxation without representation.

Taxation Without Representation Below are some taxes imposed by Great Britain on the colonists. Click on name of tax to find out about each.

Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts was a tax in 1767 that taxed items used by industry like glass, paint and lead. The colonists protested the law by boycotting all items taxed by the Townshend Acts. Colonists in Massachusetts also started committee of correspondences to explain British taxes.

Sugar Act The Sugar Act was a 1764 tax on molasses that was made in the colonies and exported to other parts of the World. The colonists protested against this tax by boycotting the sugar imported into the colonies to make the molasses. The Sugar Act was repealed a year later.

Stamp Act The Stamp Act was a tax that replaced the Sugar Act of 1764. The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax on paper products, to include paper products like legal documents, newspapers, and playing cards. The colonists protested the tax by boycotting British paper products and making their own paper. The Sons of Liberty also were formed during this time.

Tea Act The Tea Act was a 1774 law that let British merchants sell their tea directly to the colonists without going through colonial merchants. The colonists did not have to pay that much tax on the tea, but still protested the tax because it was another example of taxation without representation. The colonists protested by boycotting tea and by making their own tea. Eventually the Sons of Liberty protested the Tea Act by planning the Boston Tea Party.

The Boston Tea Party Click to go back to main menu In 1774, members of the Sons of Liberty dressed up like Native Americans and threw British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act. The Boston Tea Party made King George III mad. To punish the colonists, King George III had parliament pass the Intolerable Acts.

The French and Indian War The French and Indian War was a war fought between France and Great Britain between the years 1754 to 1763. Great Britain won the war, but was in debt. To reduce the debt, King George III decided to tax the colonists.

Other British Policies Taxes weren’t the only things imposed on them that they did not like. There were other policies of the King the colonists did not like. Click on the policies below to find out more.

The Boston Massacre Click to go back to main menu The Boston Massacre was an event that took place in 1770 in Boston that claimed the lives of seven colonists. Colonists were protesting the Townshend Act outside a British tax collectors office in Boston. Colonists started to harass and throw objects at the soldiers sent to protect the tax collector. The soldiers then opened fire into the crowd killing seven including Crispus Attucks, a Sons of Liberty member and former slave.

The Boston Massacre

Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts regulated trade between the colonies and other countries. Colonists had to buy finished goods from Great Britain and could not trade certain goods with other countries.

Proclamation Act of 1763 The Proclamation Act of 1763 drew an imaginary line down the center of the Appalachian Mountain and restricted settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio River Valley. The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a result of Pontiac’s War. Many colonists ignored the law and moved across the Appalachian Mountains anyways.

Quartering Act The Quartering Act required colonists to house British Redcoats in their home. Colonists had to pay for the soldiers food, drink and clothing. Colonist used riots to protest this policy

The Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws created to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. There was several parts to these laws: The Port of Boston was closed down until the colonist paid for the tea destroyed. The colonists could not have any more town meetings except for once a year. A new Quartering Act was imposed. More soldiers were sent over to make sure no Boston Tea Parties took place ever again.

Patriot Leaders Click to go back to main menu Below are a few of the patriot leaders who led the Revolution. George Washington Thomas Jefferson John Adams Samuel Adams Paul Revere Patrick Henry Ethan Allen Benjamin Franklin

George Washington Known as “The Father of our Country”, George Washington was the Continental Army commander during the American Revolution.

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.

John Adams John Adams co wrote the Declaration of Independence with Thomas Jefferson. He was also the lawyer who represented the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre.

Samuel Adams Samuel Adams was the cousin of John Adams. He was a leader in the Sons of Liberty. He also organized the Committee of Correspondence in Boston, Massachusetts.

Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was a diplomat during the war. He spent the war over in France getting the King to supply money, men and ships for the Continental Army. It was through his efforts that France became our biggest ally.

Patrick Henry Patrick Henry was another patriot from Virginia who spoke out against the British. In a famous for saying “Give me Liberty, or give me Death”.

Paul Revere Sons of Liberty member who was one of two midnight riders. He became famous for riding to Lexington and Concord to warn the colonists that the British were coming.

Ethan Allen Ethan Allen was the leader of the Vermont militia known as the Green Mountain Boys. Defeated the British at Fort Ticonderoga on May 5, 1775 without firing a shot.

British Leaders British leaders during the Revolution: King George III Click to go back to main menu British leaders during the Revolution: King George III John Burgoyne Lord Cornwallis

King George III King George III was the king of Great Britain during the Revolution. He was not liked by patriots because of the policies he imposed on the colonists.

John Burgoyne John Burgoyne was a famous British general who came up with a plan to defeat George Washington and the Continental Army. His plan called for three British armies to converge on Albany New York from three different directions. By capturing Albany, Burgoyne hoped to cut off separate the New England colonies from the middle and southern colonies. Burgoyne believed that by capturing Albany and controlling the Hudson River the Continental Army would be unable to be resupplied. His plan failed because two of his armies were defeated at the battles of Saratoga and Fort Stanwixs.

Lord Cornwallis Lord Cornwallis was the leader British forces in the Southern colonies. He eventually would be defeated by George Washington and French forces at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781.

Battles Battle of Trenton Bunker Hill Valley Forge Battle of Cowpens Click to go back to main menu Battle of Trenton Bunker Hill Valley Forge Battle of Cowpens Battle of Saratoga Lexington And Concord Battle of Yorktown Battle of Long Island

Declaration of Independence Click to go back to main menu The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson adopted on July 4, 1776. There are three parts to the Declaration of Independence: Part 1: The Purpose of Government Part 2: Wrongs Done by the King Part 3: Declaring of Independence

The Purpose of Government In the first part, Thomas Jefferson explained what the purpose of government is. He stated that the purpose of government to protect peoples natural rights, also called unalienable rights. These are rights that are so basic that they cannot be taken away. These rights in the Declaration of Independence are life, liberty and property. He also stated that if a government abuses its power and tries to take away these rights then the people have the right alter or abolish the government and replace it with a new one.

Wrongs Done By the King In the second part, Thomas Jefferson lists all the wrongs King George III has done to the colonies. In this long list of wrongs he mentions such things as taxation without representation, restricting of trade, and quartering of soldiers in peoples homes.

Declaration of Independence After explaining what the purpose of government is and all the wrongs done by the king, Jefferson then stated that the colonies were now independent from Great Britain.

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the Revolutionary War in 1775. Lexington Concord

Battle of Long Island Battle of Long Island The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 battle in New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or captured. Battle of Long Island

Battle of Trenton The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in New Jersey in which George Washington’s troops captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise attack.

Battle of Bunker Hill battle of Bunker Hill Battle of Bunker was the first major battle of the Revolution in 1775. It was a British victory even though the British lost more soldiers than the Americans. battle of Bunker Hill

Valley Forge Valley Forge Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of Washington’s Continental Army encampment during the winter of 1777-1778. Valley Forge

Battle of Cowpens Cowpens The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in South Carolina, where Americans won an important victory over the British. Cowpens

Battle of Yorktown Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle in the Revolution. This battle in 1781 forced the British to surrender. Yorktown

Battle of Saratoga Saratoga The Battle of Saratoga was the first major American victory in the Revolution, which ended the British threat in New England in 1777. Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to an American victory. The Battle convinced France to support the patriots. Saratoga

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the Revolutionary War in 1775.

Protest Methods Click to go back to main menu Protest Methods used by colonists to protest British policies. Boycott Sons of Liberty Committee of Correspondence Tar and Feathering Militias Diplomacy

Boycott Boycott is the refusal to buy a good or service.

Militia A militia is an army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency. The First Continental Congress started militias in every colonies to protest the Intolerable Acts in 1774.

Diplomacy Diplomacy is the solving of problems between to opposing groups by communicating and discussions. The colonists used this on several occasions to try get King George III to change British policies in the colonies. An example of this is the Olive Branch Petition sent to the King after Lexington and Concord.

Olive Branch Petition The Olive Branch Petition was a peace petition sent to King George by colonial delegates after the battles of Lexington and Concord declaring their loyalty to the king asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts. The olive branch is symbol of peace.

Committee of Correspondence Committee of Correspondence was a letter writing campaign that became a major tool of protest in the colonies.

Sons of Liberty The Sons of Liberty were a protest group that formed after the Stamp Act. They protested against British taxes. They took part in the Boston Tea Party. They also intimated tax collectors using tar and feathering.

Tar and Feathering Tar and feathering was a tactic used by colonists to intimidate tax collectors into not collecting taxes. Colonists would dump hot tar onto tax collector and then put chicken feathers onto victim.

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