CH 14 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

ABNORMAL Frequently occurring behavior would be normal Something that goes against the norms or standards of society A person can go against the norm and not be abnormal Issues in life Subjective discomfort Maladaptive Socio cultural perspective Cultural bound syndrome

HOW TO DETERMINE AN ISSUE Is behavior unusual Does it go against social norm Does the behavior cause the person significant discomfort Is the behavior dangerous to self or others Two or more is a classification as a psychological disorder People have a right to be different

DSM IV TR 1952 the first edition was published We are on the fifth edition 250 different disorders Symptoms Path of progression Checklist of criteria Divides disorders into categories or axes

5 AXIS Axis I – Clinical Disorder Axis II – Personality Disorder that may accompany Clinical Disorder Axis III- Physical Disorders Axis IV - Life adjustment issues Axis V – GAF Score, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, a certain level is needed to be in hospital

PROS AND CONS OF LABELING Develop a common language Able to get resources and insurance Stigma May give a person a crutch

ANXIETY DISORDERS Phobias – irrational, persistent fear of an abject, situation, or social activity Social Phobias – fear of interacting with others or social situations Specific Phobias – fear of objects or specific situations or events Agoraphobia – fear of being in a place or situation Panic – panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause difficulty in a person’s life Panic attack – sudden onset of intense panic, multiple physical symptoms occur and a person might feel as if they are dying

ANXIETY DISORDERS OCD – intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing repetitive behavior PTSD – disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, poor sleep, and poor concentration lasting more than a month Typical with veterans/domestic violence victims Acute Stress Disorder – last for 4 weeks after a traumatic event

ANXIETY DISORDERS Generalized Anxiety Disorder – a person has feelings of dread and doom along with physical symptoms of stress No real external source Occurs most days in a 6 month period Worry excessively about money, health, friends, family May occur with Depression

CAUSES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS Learned behaviors/feelings Irrational thought processes Magnification – interpreting things are far more serious than they All or nothing thought process Overgeneralization Minimization Biological factors

MOOD DISORDER Major Depression – severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external causes, or too severe for current issues Most common diagnosed mood disorder Most of the day in depression Suicidal thoughts Bipolar Disorder – severe mood swing between major depressive and manic episodes Manic episode – excessive excitement, energy, and elation Cycle of up and down moods

CAUSES OF MOOD DISORDER Genetics Behaviorists – learned helplessness Distorted thinking Self defeating thoughts about themselves Certain times of year – Seasonal Affective Disorder

EATING DISORDERS Anorexia Nervosa – reducing eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below expected body weight Causes major health issues, heart thyroid, hormones Obsessed with exercise They will also throw up or take laxatives Hospitalization will be required for treatment Bulimia – a cycle of binging or overeating at one sitting and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain Purging – vomiting or misuse of laxatives Binge may be triggered by a stress in life, then the person is not able to stop, they have no self control Health consequences Hospitalization will be required for treatment

CAUSES OF EATING DISORDERS Biological History of abuse Need for some control in life Perfection

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER Dissociative - break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or a combination Amnesia – loss of memory of personal information, partial or complete Fugue – traveling away from familiar surroundings, forgetting trip as well as potential personal info Dissociative identify disorder – when a person has one or more different personalities “Core” personality Has been criticized as not true

CAUSES OF DID Repression of threatening or unacceptable thoughts Person may feel guilty or shame of who they are and have negative thoughts on them selves Avoid the thoughts by going somewhere else Person may “develop” it to gain attention, get away with behaviors

SCHIZOPHRENIA Symptoms Disordered thinking Bizarre behavior Hallucinations Inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality Delusions – false beliefs about the world Persecution – others are trying to hurt them Reference – famous people are talking to them Influence – controlled by outside forces Grandeur – they are powerful Hallucinations – hear or see things or people that are not real

SCHIZOPHRENIA Categories Disorganized Confused in speech Vivid and frequent hallucinations Unable to function in daily life Catatonic May not move at all Does not respond to the outside world Paranoid Hallucinations Delusions Persecution Grandeur Jealousy

CAUSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA Biological Genetic Brain defect A person may have schizophrenia and a traumatic event may bring the symptoms out

PERSONALITY DISORDERS Affects the person’s whole life adjustment The disorder is the personality of the person, not one aspect of it. Difficult to change Antisocial personality disorder No morals or conscience and is often impulsive Socio paths/ serial killers The person that cheats there way through school or work and has no regard for who they may hurt along the way Borderline personality Person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to other

CAUSES OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS Learned Genetics Abuse Disturbances in family relationships