SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility Robert Galyen Chairman Battery Standards Steering Committee for Global Ground Vehicle Standards SAE International May 18, 2012 Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility Content SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility Brief SAE International Overview Vehicle Electrification – A New Era of Mobility Vehicle Battery Standards in Development Recommended Practices Related to Safety in Development Electro Mobility Technology Enablers Conductive and Inductive Charging Interface Standards Overview Other HEV and EV Standards [Not covered here –Hydrogen Fuel Cell Standard Activities] Conclusions Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Standards is Our Business SAE develops international standards in accordance with WTO Technical Barrier to Trade agreement (TBT) Coherence Transparency Impartiality & Consensus Effectiveness & Relevance Addressing the concerns of developing countries Openness Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

SAE International Today 40 SAE references in Canadian regulations 78 SAE references in ISO regulations 27 SAE references in UNECE regulations 25 SAE references in Global Technical Regulations 9 SAE references in Japan’s regulations 293 SAE references in US regulations (93 Unique Standards) 37 SAE references in Australian regulations Global Influence: 128,000 Members From Over 100 Nations SAE Committee members represent 51 countries SAE Standards Referenced in countries all over the world Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) New Era of Mobility Converging Technologies: Electrified Automobile Electric Smart Grid Connected/Autonomous Vehicle Vehicle-to-Devices Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

The Future of Electrification - Successful Implementation Challenges: Consumer Needs Technology New Infrastructures Governmental Regulations Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Is it going to work? Every time? All the time? The Future of Electrification – Successful Implementation SAE J2953 – “Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Interoperability with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)” – Work in Progress Government/Industry Research Project DOE Project: Advanced Vehicle Testing and Evaluation - Infrastructure Test and Evaluation Establish requirements, specifications, test procedures and certification processes to ensure the interoperability of PEV’s and PHEV’s and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). Interoperability Reliability Charger efficiency Vehicle to grid communication Bi-directional power flow Interoperability Utilities Is it going to work? Every time? All the time? Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Electric Vehicle Technology Development Technology Enablers New EV Technologies require knowledge and expertise gained through Collaboration Vehicle Electrification Energy Storage Devices Power Electronics and Power Motors V2V and V2I DSRC Communications Conductive Charging Inductive Charging EV Safety (First and Second responders) Grid Interface & Communications Research Collaborative Efforts Industry Standards Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

SAE Electro-Mobility Ground Vehicle Standards Development Activities Technology Enablers SAE Electro-Mobility Ground Vehicle Standards Development Activities Volunteer, consensus based standards development process   Total Committees: 580 Total Committee Members: 8,064 Total Standards Published : 10,077 (Ground Vehicle 2,081) Active Standards: 8,635 (Ground Vehicle 1,681) Standards In Development /Review: 657 Vehicle Electrification EV, PHEV’s Batteries Smart Grid J1772™ Connector Leading SDO in NIST Roadmap for Smart Grid interoperability 24 active committees 774 committee members 52 standards developed or in process SAE International is a leading standards organization identified in the NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid and "Interoperability Standards to Support Plug-In Electric Vehicles." Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Vehicle Battery Standards SAE Vehicle Battery Standards Committee The SAE Battery Standards Committee leads the way in standardization for batteries which will play a predominate roll in transportation of the future Standardization efforts cover all aspects of the cell, module, pack or vehicle for form-fit-function, safety, testing, validation, manufacturing, shipping, transportation, emergency response, service, recovery and recycling through the value chain in society Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Vehicle Battery Standards SAE Battery Standards Steering Committee Advanced Battery Concepts Battery Testing Equipment Battery Safety Battery Packaging Small Task Oriented Vehicle Batteries Hybrid Battery Testing Battery Materials Testing Battery Labeling Battery Terminology Battery Electronic Fuel Gauging Battery Transport Starter Battery Battery Recycling Truck and Bus Batteries Disconnect & Discharge Capacitive Energy Secondary Use Start/Stop Battery Standards Steering Committee Started – Nov. 2009 Current Committee Membership >420 Representatives >175 Individual Participants >140 Companies OEM’s Suppliers Government Academia New Committees under Development Aerospace Battery Unified Battery Warranty Approach 1st and 2nd Responders Committee (Hybrid Committee) 18 Committees Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

J2990 Recommended Practice on Electrified Vehicle Response for First and Second Responders - WIP Study Groups Scope 1 Standardization of Emergency Response Guidelines 2 Identifying Electric Vehicles (“Badging”) 3 Methods for Disabling HV System at the Accident Scene 4 Inspection Process for Vehicle & Batteries Post Crash 5 Tow & Recovery Procedures 6 Isolation of Vehicles in Storage Post-Tow, Prior to Inspection 7 Communication Issues – 24-hour Emergency Number Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians/Quiet Cars J2889/1 Measurement of Minimum Noise Emitted by Road Vehicles (in ballot) SAE Human Factors Committee activity launched by SAE Hybrid Committee to address of pedestrians raised by electric drive. Coordinated with NHTSA, National Federation of the Blind, and OEMs. Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Simply Connecting? Technology Enablers EV or PHEV require multitude of standards: Physical connectors Interfaces Power levels Battery standards Energy exchange protocols V2G communication protocols (between vehicles and the grid) Smart Energy 2.0 Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

System Approach to Safety Technology Enablers System Approach to Safety National Electrical Code Article 625 – Electric Vehicle Charging System I – General II – Wiring Methods III – Equipment Construction IV – Control & Protection V – EV Supply Equipment Locations On Board Battery Charger UL 2202. J2929 EV and PHEV propulsion Battery System Safety Standard J2344 Guidelines for EV Safety J1766 Recommended Practice for EV / HEV Battery Systems Crash Testing J2464 EV / HEV RESS Safety and Abuse Testing UL 2231-1 Personnel Protection Systems for EV Supply Circuits UL 2231-2 Protection Devices for Use in Charging Systems UL2594 Outline for Investigation for EV Supply Equipment IEEE related PEV charging / SG standards: P2030, P1547 & P1901 Charging plug SAE J1772™ Charging inlet UL 2251. Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

EV / PHEV Safety Standards Linking Standards IEC EN 62660-1&2 IEC EN 61982-2&3 Testing for Lithium-ion cells FMVSS 305 Electric Powered Vehicles; Electrolyte Spillage and Electrical Shock Protection SAE J2578 Fuel Cell Vehicle Safety SAE J2929 EV/HEV Battery Safety Standard SAE J1766 EV/PHEV Crash Integrity Testing SAE J1772™ PEV Conductive Charge Coupler ISO 23273 Fuel Cell Vehicle Safety IEC 61851 PEV Conductive Charging System SAE J2380 Vibration Testing of Electric Vehicle Batteries SAE J2344 Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Safety SAE J2464 Electric Vehicle Battery Abuse Testing ISO 6469 EV Safety IEC 62196 Industrial plugs and socket outlets EV / PHEV Safety Standards Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

EV / PHEV Charging Interface Technology Enablers EV / PHEV Charging Interface SAE Hybrid Vehicle Committees are leading the effort to define charging functionality and standardize the connection hardware from EV to EVSE SAE-J1772 Standard defines: Charging capacity & operating voltage by “Level” – AC 1 & 2 Electrical safety & circuit protection of EVSE Physical properties of the connector EV to EVSE communications & charging controls Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Next Generation – Combo Connector Technology Enablers Next Generation – Combo Connector Photo courtesy of REMA North America The Combo Charge Connector” standard sets the foundation for a combined charging system for electric vehicles in Europe and North America Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Relevant Standards for the Charging Interface (Europe and US) Technology Enablers Relevant Standards for the Charging Interface (Europe and US) 5 4 Interoperability Charging Topology SAE J2953/1 IEEE P2030/.1/.2/.3 2 IEEE P1547/.1/.2/.3 SAE J2953/2 Communication SAE J2847/1 SAE J2931/1 IEEE P1901/.2 3 1 SAE J2847/2 SAE J2931/2 SAE J2836/1 Safety Connector SAE J2931/3 SAE J2847/3 SAE J2836/4 IEC 60529 IEC 62196-2 SAE J2931/4 IEC 60364-7-722 SAE J2836/2 IEC 62196-1 SAE J2847/4 IEC 62196-3 SAE J2931/5 ISO 6469-3 SAE J2836/5 SAE J2847/5 SAE J2931/6 ISO 17409 SAEJ1772 SAE J1766 SAE J2344 SAE J2929 SAE J2578 SAE J2464 SAE J2380 SAE J2836/3 SAE J2847/6 SAE J2931/7 ISO/IEC 15118 SAE J2836/6 IEC 61851-24 IEC 61850 IEC 61851-1 IEEE 80211P IEC 61851-22 IEC 61851-23 IEC 61851-21 Courtesy of Initiative Charging Interface by Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche, VW (coordinated by Dr. Heiko Dörr,heiko.doerr@carmeq.com) Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

SAE Communication Standards Technology Enablers SAE Communication Standards SAE J2836 ™ Use cases Scope SAE J2847 Detailed Info Messages /1 Utility Programs * /2 Off-Board Charger Communications Off-Board Charger Communications /3 Reverse Energy Flow /4 Diagnostics /5 Customer and HAN /6 Wireless charging Wireless Charging Note: J2836/3 (Reverse Power Flow) use cases (WIP) coordinated with IEEE 1547.4 & .8 specs. Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

SAE Communication Standards Technology Enablers SAE Communication Standards SAE J2931 Scope /1 Power Line Carrier Communications for Plug-in Electric Vehicles /2 In-Band Signaling Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles /3 PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles /4 Broadband PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles /5 Telematics Smart Grid Communications between Customers, Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), Energy Service Providers (ESP) and Home Area Networks (HAN) /6 Digital Communication for Wireless Charging Plug-in Electric Vehicles /7 Security for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Communications Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Technology Enablers Wireless Charging of EV’s & PHEV’s SAE J2954 Standard in Development Inductive Charging Technologies Wireless Connection Power Transfer Communications Smart Grid Interoperability / Programmability Level 2 Charging (3.3 kWh) Battery System Fault Monitoring Automatic Shutdown Capability Wireless Charging of EV’s & PHEV’s Who’s Involved? Auto and Commercial Vehicle OEM’s (11) Automotive Suppliers Organizations (laboratories, government agencies, universities, SDO’s, power companies) Potential Charging Locations: Residential Public On-Road Static (parking lots, curb side) Dynamic (embedded in roadway) Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

Other Supporting SAE EV, HEV, and PHEV Standards Technology Enablers Other Supporting SAE EV, HEV, and PHEV Standards SAE JXXXX Scope 1711 Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles 2344 Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Safety 2894 Power Quality Requirements for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Chargers – in ballot. 1715 Hybrid Electric (HEV) & Electric Vehicle EV) Terminology – 2008 version – revision in progress. 1773 SAE Electric Vehicle Inductively Coupled Charging 2907 Power Rating Method for Automotive Electric Propulsion Motor and Power Electronics Sub-System – defined; work not started. 2908 Power Rating Method for Hybrid-Electric and Battery Electric Vehicle Propulsion – defined; work not started. Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility Conclusions SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility SAE Standards to support Electro-Mobility (Finished or in Development) include: Vehicle Battery Standards - in Development Recommended Practices for Responders and Safety - in Development Electro Mobility Technology Enablers Conductive and Wireless Charging Interface Standards Other HEV and EV Standards Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

SAE Contacts Keith Wilson Technical Project Manager SAE International – Global Ground Vehicle Standards 755 W. Big Beaver, Suite 1600 Troy, MI 48084-4903 USA Office: 248.273.2470 email: kwilson@sae.org Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium