WWICollins WORLD WAR I A Project

World War I I.Long-term Causes of WWI A.Nationalism 1. A zealous devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation. 2. Nationalism led to competitive and antagonistic rivalries among nations.

WWICollins World War I –B. Imperialism 1. For many centuries, European nations had been building empires and, in so doing, slowly extended their own economic and political control over various peoples.

WWICollins World War I--Imperialism The Industrial Revolution:…had given Europeans and Americans the means and the motives to seek GLOBAL DOMINATION. That is exactly what many nations do! Europeans….divide up Africa and challenge the Muslim world. British take over in India. Asia becomes a part of the world picture. Militaries are suddenly on the alert.

WWICollins World War I--Imperialism In Western Europe….Fierce competition among countries competing for control of overseas land. And…militaries are becoming more and more powerful….

WWICollins World War I C. Militarism (3 rd long-term cause of the War) –1. Militarism is a policy that focuses on the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy. –2. Almost every nation competes for the most powerful military.

WWICollins World War I D. System of Alliances –1. The Triple Entente (Allies) is made up of FRANCE, RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN. –2. The Triple Alliance (Central Powers) is made up of GERMANY, AUSTRIA- HUNGARY, ITALY, together with THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

WWICollins World War I Hand out: –Events that drew the US into the Great War…. Cut out images and place in project. Homework: Images of 3-4 of the “important” people of WWI (example: Woodrow Wilson) TAKE OUT A PIECE OF NOTEBOOK PAPER….

WWICollins World War I—3 Words Neutral……………Neutrality Isolation…………Isolationist, Isolationism Imperialism……….Imperialist, imperialistic

WWICollins World War I—3 Words President Wilson and many Americans did not want to take sides in a European war; they wanted to maintain ______________. The Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the American continent gave many Americans the hope that they could remain ______________ and not be drawn into Europe’s problems.

WWICollins World War I—3 Words President Wilson saw the role of Americans not as ______________, taking advantage and gaining power over other nations, but rather as peacemakers who would keep the world safe for Democracy. People who believe that a country should keep out of foreign affairs are called _______________.

WWICollins World War I—3 Words The US maintained _____________; it did not take sides, for nearly 3 years. The US did not enter the war for ______________ purposes, but because as President Wilson said, “to make the world safe for Democracy.”

WWICollins World War I—3 Words American citizens believed that the US could maintain a ______________ position while Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey waged an ______________ war on their European neighbors.

WWICollins World War I II. An assassination leads to war. –A. The Balkan Peninsula (an exercise In mapping) 1. The “powder keg of Europe” 2. Europe’s leading powers had interests there.

WWICollins World War I a. Russia wanted access to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (trade). b. Germany wanted a rail link w/ the Ottomans. c. A-H was accusing Serbia of subverting their power in Bosnia.

WWICollins World War I B. Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1. Heir to the Austrian throne 2. assassinated in the Bosnian capitol of Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist. C. Alliance system pulls one nation after another into the conflict. 1. A-H declares war on Russia after treaty 2. Germany declares war on Russia to keep treaty with A-H 3. Britain declares war on Germany and A-H.

WWICollins World War I Franz Ferdinand shortly before his assassination:

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WWICollins World War I III. The Fighting Starts A. The Schlieffen Plan (German War Strategy) 1. Germany invades Belgium 2. G. military mobilizes against France. 3. Eventually move against Russia. B. Trench Warfare 1. 1,000s of miles of trenches 2. Completely new way of dealing w/ the enemy. 3. Fighting inconclusive. Battles were fought literally over yards.

WWICollins World War I IV. Americans question neutrality A. Divided loyalties 1. Socialists…criticized the war as an imperialist struggle between. Ger. And Eng. 2. Pacifists…believed war was inherently evil. 3. Millions of naturalized Americans—immigrants— felt….. tied to the countries they were from. 4. Many Americans felt close to the British because….. Of the sense of a common ancestry/language. 5. Many did not want their sons to experience…..the horrors of war.

WWICollins World War I V. The War Hits Home By 1917, America had mobilized for war against Germany and the Central Powers for 3 reasons a. b. c.

WWICollins World War I A. The British Blockade 1. Britain began to make more use of its naval power. a. b. 2. Results: a.

WWICollins World War I VI. The US Declares war A. America finally dragged out of its isolationism for 3 reasons 1. Lusitania 2. Germany marches on Belgium 3. ? End page 6 in project

WWICollins Woodrow Wilson

WWICollins World War I—A President Speaks “But the right is more precious that peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest to our hearts—for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations, and make the world at last free.”Woodrow Wilson

WWICollins World War I—A President Speaks Some questions: What did Wilson mean by the statement: “The right is more precious than peace”? Can you name another period in history when people believed Wilson’s statement? What did Wilson mean by “things which we have always carried nearest to our hearts”?

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WWICollins World War I Propaganda posters…………………….

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WWICollins World War I & Propaganda Answer the following questions: 1. How would you define the word “propaganda”? 2. Can you think of an example of propaganda that others would recognize”? 3. What do you consider the purpose of propaganda to be? 4. Who do you think MAKES propaganda? 5. Propaganda is………..

WWICollins Propaganda P. is the spreading of ideas, information or rumours for the purpose of furthering a cause or goal. In wartime, governments have used propaganda to justify their war aims, encourage enlistment and urge citizens to increase production, recycle used items, and buy victory bonds. Propaganda is also used to vilify the enemy or exaggerate one’s own accomplishments.

WWICollins World War I&Propaganda Hand outs: Propaganda Poster How the Huns Hate Then: Prop. Questionnaire X 13 Then: Back to WWI

WWICollins World War I Wilson pleads to make the world: “Safe for Democracy” Many actually believed that the US had to join the war to pave the way for future order, peace, and freedom America mobilizes –A. The US was not prepared for war. –1. Only 200,000 men in the service when war was declared and few of them had combat experience.

WWICollins World War I B. Raising an army –1. Legislation is passed creating the Selective Service Act. –2. 24 million men sign up and 3.5 million are chosen.

WWICollins World War I C. Mass production. –In addition to the vast army that had to be raised, the US had to find a way to transport men, food, and equipment over thousands of miles of ocean. –1. Government takes four crucial steps:

WWICollins World War I a. Convoy system. b. Shipyard people/workers shielded from the draft. c. Government campaign focusing on the importance of shipyard work. d. Government converted commercial/private ships into Transatlantic vessels capable of carrying supplies for the war.

WWICollins World War I VIII. America turns the Tide –A. Convoy system –1. Heavy guard of destroyers escorts merchant ships –B. Fighting in Europe –1. Allied forces are exhaused. America’s true contribution? A freshness and a sense of enthusiasm.

WWICollins World War I IX. Fighting “over there” A. New weapons 1. The tank 2. The airplane 3. Machine gun X. The war introduces new hazards A. Corpses everywhere. Lice, diseases, rats, shell-shock, toxic gasses….

WWICollins World War I XI. American troops go on the defensive A. American war hero 1. Alvin York 2. Originally wanted “conscientious objector” status but would prove to be one of the bravest of the brave. B. The collapse of Germany 1. Nov A-H surrenders to the Allies /11/18: Armistice signed.

WWICollins World War I C. The final toll million dead billion dollars in total spent. “The War had changed the world forever.”

WWICollins World War I Part II. I. The war at home Congress gave President Wilson direct control over much of the economy including the power to fix prices and to regulate—even to nationalize—certain war-related industries.

WWICollins World War I A. War industries board 1. Board encourages companies to use mass- production methods to increase efficiency. 2. Encourages the standardization of products. B. War economy 1. Wages rose for the most part. 2. A households income, however, was largely undercut by rising food and housing costs. C. Food administration 1. Created to help produce and conserve food.

WWICollins World War I II. Selling the war A. War financing 1. The US spent approximately 35.5 billion dollars on the war. B. Committee on public information 1. Massive nationwide propaganda campaign supporting the war effort. 2. Campaign promoted patriotism but also inflamed hatred and violations of the civil liberties of certain ethnic groups ad opponents of the war.

WWICollins World War I III. Attacks on civil liberties increase A. Anti-immigrant hysteria 1. Bitter attacks against those of German descent. 2. Orchestras refused to play the music of Beethoven, Mozart, and Handel. …….SEE CARTOON pg.597 …….Sacco and Vanzetti. Students read pages

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WWICollins B. Espionage and Sedition Acts. –1. Under these acts, a person could be fined up to 10,000 dollars and sentenced to 20 years in prison for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane or abusive about the government or the war effort. 2. Openly targeted Socialists and labor leaders. 3. Newspapers and magazines that opposed the war or criticized any of the Allies lost their mailing privileges.

WWICollins World War I IV. The War Encourages Social Change. A. African Americans and the War 1. ….I’ll help you with this…wait for next slide. 2. B. The Great Migration C. Women and the war 1. Flu Epidemic Pg.601 in text

WWICollins Supreme Court Schenk v. United States

WWICollins World War I and Social Change African Americans and the War: 380,000 African Americans joined the Army. 200,000 went to Europe, but only about a quarter of that saw combat. The rest worked as laborers, building roads, digging trenches, and unloading ships. Even in the face of discrimination, African Americans were willing to fight for freedom.

WWICollins World War I and Social Change Some comments on the War: A. Phillip Randolph, an outspoken advocate for African American rights and the publisher of a radical Harlem newspaper, questioned why men of his race should fight in yet another war for a country that would not grant them full citizenship.

WWICollins World War I and Social Change W.E.B. Dubois, another African American leader and founder of the NAACP argued that, “…while the war lasts (we should) forget our special grievances and close our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our white fellow citizens and allied nations that are fighting for democracy.”

WWICollins World War I and Social Change Between 1916 and 1921, persistent poverty, racism, and lack of opportunity in the south drove half a million African Americans north and west. It was the largest internal movement of a people in our nation’s history. With the outbreak of the WWI, US industry mobilized to produce manufactured goods for the conflict.

WWICollins World War I and Social Change This creates a demand for unskilled labor. Recruiters, ads in prominent African American papers, letters back home, and word of mouth propelled African Americans north to industrialized cities like Pittsburgh, Chicago, Detroit, and Indianapolis.

WWICollins World War I and Social Change Entire communities pulled up their roots and headed north, seeking a better quality of life, free from lynchings, Jim Crow laws, voting restrictions, and the poverty of the agricultural south.

WWICollins World War I Part IV I. Wilson presents his plan…….. See page 604 -A. The 14 points Use your own words, please.

WWICollins World War I Debating the Versailles Treaty Everyone hoped that the treaty would restore peace in Europe and create stability. Instead, people remained angry. End page 14 in project.

WWICollins World War I A. Provisions in the treaty B. The treaty’s weaknesses

WWICollins World War I C. Opposition to the treaty D. Debate over the League of Nations --1. E. Wilson refuses to compromise

WWICollins World War I Legacy of the War

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WWICollins World War I Visual Summary on page 612