FOUNDATIONS. Components Footings Trench Formed Keyway Stepped Fireplace.

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Presentation transcript:

FOUNDATIONS

Components Footings Trench Formed Keyway Stepped Fireplace

Foundation Concrete support for floor framing & rest of the house

ACCURACY & QUALITY KEY! *Soil quality effects type of foundation used Foundation: Carry Loads Distribute weight to soil evenly Footing spreads the weight Resists forces wind/earth (by anchoring down walls / eaves) Material: Concrete (works in compression) and Steel rebar (works in tension to resist min. earth movement)

Compression is a pushing force Tension is a pulling force

Requirements for footings Rest on Undisturbed soil Lie below the frost line (in colder climates) – Washington Country 12” – Multnomah County 18” – Check your local code Slab on grade used in warmer climates Footing width depends on soil type and # of stories

Soil Bearing Capacity Class of MaterialsLoad Bearing Pressure Crystalline Bedrock12000psf Sedimentary and Foliated rock4000psf Sandy Gravel3000psf Clay, Sandy Clay, Silty Clay,1500psf

Footing Widths Examples: Soil bearing capacity 1000 psf +1 story= 18” Footing Soil bearing capacity 3000 psf +1 story= 12” Soil bearing capacity 1000 psf +3 story= 27” Soil bearing capacity 3000 psf +3 story= 12”

Footing Widths LOAD BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) Conventional Light-Frame Construction 1-Story Story Story ” brick veneer over light frame or 8” hollow concrete masonry 1-Story Story Story ” solid concrete or masonry, or fully grouted masonry 1-Story Story Story

More Footing Requirements Horizontal Rebar per local code Vertical Rebar per local code Must project at least 2” beyond wall A means of connection to wall – Keyway – Rebar

KEYWAY

Types of Footings

STEP FOOTINGS

Slabs Block Outs and penetrations designated by an X Control Joints - control cracks (every 20’) Expansion joint where vertical wall and slab meet allows for movement due to expansion and contraction.

Reinforcing Bar (Rebar) Measured in 8ths – Example: #4 Rebar = 4/8 or ½” diameter #3 rebar = 3/8” diameter

3 Types of Residential Foundations 1.Crawl space 2.Basement (full or partial) 3.Slab on Grade Alternative FND. Pole / Pilings (when soil not good)

Crawl Space 18” minimum height from ground to bottom of floor joist

Crawl Space

Basement Wall

Stem Wall

Slab On Grade

Abbreviations & Terms WWM = welded wire mesh WWF = welded wire fabric

Step Footing

YOUR TURN