Mr. Morris World History

 Avignon  Great Schism  John Wycliffe  Jan Hus  Bubonic plague  Hundred Years’ War  Joan of Arc

 1300 – After King Philip IV of France became stronger than bishops, Pope Boniface VIII told him that kings must always obey the pope  Philip held him prisoner and planned to bring him to trial  Pope died soon after but never again was a pope able to force monarchs to obey him

 After Boniface died, Philip was able to get a French person elected pope  Clement V, the new pope, moved Church headquarters from Rome to Avignon, France  Church in Avignon for the next 70 years  Badly weakened the Church  After the death of Pope Gregory IX, Urban VI, an Italian, was elected pope  No one liked him, and they chose another pope a few months later

 The other pope chosen was Clement VII  This meant that there were two popes  French pope in Avignon, Italian pope in Rome  Each excommunicated the other and claimed that they were false  Created the Great Schism  Eventually a third pope was named  All three forced to resign and a single pope was finally restored, but the office of pope was weakened

 John Wycliffe, an Englishman, preached that Jesus was the true head of the church  Made the pope even weaker  Upset with the wealth and status most clergy had  Bible was the final authority for Christian life  Jan Hus also said that the Bible had more authority than the pope  Excommunicated, captured, and burned at the stake

 In the mid-1300s Asia, North Africa, and Europe was stricken by the bubonic plague, a deadly epidemic  1/3 to 1/2 of Europe dead  Tore people apart and caused many to abandon loved ones

 Began in Asia and travelled west on trade routes  1347 – came to Europe on a ship in Sicily  Black Death – black spots on the skin  Up through Italy into the rest of Europe  All through Europe in four years  75% of those infected died  25 million dead in Europe, 25 million more in Asia  Pg. 400

 The manor system fell apart during the plague  Populations decreased in large amounts  Trade declined, higher prices  Serfs left manors in order to get more money  Nobles resisted calls for higher pay, led to revolts  Jews took the blame for the plague and were driven out of towns and/or killed  Church lost credibility; prayers didn’t stop the plague

 France and England fought for over a century during this time as well  Edward III, an Englishman, claimed the French throne after the death of the last Capetian king  Invaded and started a war that was on and off from 1337 to 1453  French were eventually able to push the English out of France  Changed how wars were fought; no more chivalry

 Longbow introduced by the English  1346 – Battle of Crecy longbowmen routed a French force three times its size using the longbow  The time of heavily armored knights was ending  Later proved a successful tactic in the battles of Poitiers and Agincourt  No more chivalry, heavy armor made escape impossible

 After France and England reached an agreement, a teenager in France was moved by God to save France  Wanted Charles VII to be king of France  Led an attack on a fort near Orleans and led the French to victory  Got Charles crowned king  Later captured by the English and condemned to death by the church as a witch and heretic  Burned at the stake, Charles did nothing to help

 When the war ended in 1453, both sides had major changes  Nationalism in both countries; king was a national leader that led the country in a fight for glory  Power of the French monarch grew  In England, the War of the Roses had two noble families fighting one another for the throne  This was the end of the Middle Ages, as faith in the church and the code of chivalry were both abandoned