5.1.2 Situative Planning 1 Situative Planning - A Strategic Approach to Urban Planning UPA Package 5, Module 1

5.1.2 Situative Planning 2 Stategic Planning Strategic approach to urban management responds to rapidly changing environment. Therefore it is informal, flexible, iterative, unifying, participatory. Source: Urban Planning and Management Project 2002:2

5.1.2 Situative Planning 3 Situative Planning (2) Components are: to work together with administration to have a goal to analyse the situation to identify problems and potentials to derive objectives to implement a plan to monitor and evaluate to communicate

5.1.2 Situative Planning 4 Plan A strategy which gives intention guided recommendations to achieve a conceived situation. Programme An outline of measures that specify the type of work needed to achieve the conceived situation set in plans. Project A set of activities to achieve a specific objective of a programme within a given time period and budget. Plan – Programme - Project

5.1.2 Situative Planning 5 Hierarchy of Plan – Programme – Project Plan Programme A Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3... Programme BProgramme C Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Project 5Project 6 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3Activity 1 Activity 2

5.1.2 Situative Planning 6 Project Cycle External Evaluation : Project Continuation Project Modification Project End Project Proposal Project Examination Project Selection Project Planning Project Plan Implementation Monitoring & Evaluation

5.1.2 Situative Planning 7 Contents of Tool Kit Urban Profile Organisation and Institutional Analysis Interest Analysis Problem Analysis Potential Analysis Objectives Analysis Alternatives Analysis Logical Framework (Project Planning Matrix) Operation Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Communication- and Teamwork Exercises

5.1.2 Situative Planning 8 Management by Objectives MBO was introduced to improve the planning and control of projects through clarification of scope of responsibilities improvement of communication and co-operation between executing agencies and decision makers installation of common platform for the project team provision of indicators as a basis for monitoring and evaluation.

5.1.2 Situative Planning 9 GOPP as an Example of MBO What is GOPP? GOPP is the English translation of the German term ZOPP. ZOPP is an acronym of the German term Ziel= goal = G Orientierte= oriented = O Projekt = project = P Planung = planning = P GOPP is a set of procedures, instruments and working techniques.

5.1.2 Situative Planning 10 Basic Procedures of GOPP gradual procedure through a sequence of successive planning steps permanent visualisation and documentation of all planning steps team approach

5.1.2 Situative Planning 11 Features of GOPP GOPP is one workable system is an open system is as good as the planning-team can be applied flexible on different planning stages generates a consensus of different opinions through the planning process.

5.1.2 Situative Planning 12 Workshop Moderator The moderator leads through the workshop but he is not a discussion leader. The moderator introduces the method, reminds the participants to respect the game-rules and gives technical assistance. The moderator never judges the ideas of the participants and does not take part in the thematical discussion.

5.1.2 Situative Planning 13 Working Techniques permanent visualisation and documentation of all planning steps with cards rules of application moderation

5.1.2 Situative Planning 14 Card Method Per card same logic = same colour clear writing (block letters) 1 idea 1 problem 1 thought more than three lines per card CAPITALS hand written Never

5.1.2 Situative Planning 15 Card Visualisation Put the cards on the board. Organise the cards according to topics. Stick the cards to the board to fix the results.

5.1.2 Situative Planning 16 Rules All workshop participants have the same importance. no monologues  ‘thank you’ rule Avoid formal voting to obtain a majority decision. Every card remains on the wall till the whole group decides to remove it. new idea  new card

5.1.2 Situative Planning 17 Results There are no correct or incorrect ideas. All ideas are accepted on equal ground. Novel and creative ideas are encouraged regardless of how foolish they might seem. Criticism and discussions are not allowed. Emphasis is on generating a large number of ideas in order to get all around the problem. Combinations and extensions of ideas are encouraged.

5.1.2 Situative Planning 18 Brainstorming is a method to generate new ideas in a group on the basis of spontaneous thoughts concerning a specific topic. It helps to get inputs from all participants which are used for further development of the topic. To get a spontaneous statement of each participant. To get different answers regarding a put question. Is the basis for many further developments like group work, discussions, problem tree development etc. Brainstorming

5.1.2 Situative Planning 19 Procedure (1) Each participant gets one or a special number of cards (small groups up to three answers possible) and a pen. Explain the procedure how to work with cards and brainstorming method. Put the questions on the board Give a time reference and appoint someone to assist you. Collect all cards and pin them on the board.

5.1.2 Situative Planning 20 Procedure (2) Cluster the answers (some statements might be single). Encourage all participants to define labels for clusters (not the majority but consensus is decisive). Discuss the answers. Formulate further questions or steps (e.g. second round of brainstorming).

5.1.2 Situative Planning 21 Brainstorming Workshop Context Brainstorm Organise Name Evaluate ? Title

5.1.2 Situative Planning 22 Tasks of an Urban Planner preparation of an urban profile selection of participants: functional aspects group dynamics not more than 20 participants information and participation: objectives of workshop methodology expectations Organisation of a Planning Workshop