Highway and Traffic Engineering Overview of Transportation Engineering Dr. Wael Awad, Fall 08/09 Source: Professor Jessica Guo, Wisconsin University.

What is TRANSPORTATION?

Transportation A B Movement of persons and goods over space

Transportation Environment Control System Engineering Users / Content Education Enforcement Engineering Infrastructure Vehicle / Service Users / Content Environment

Share of total passengers or tons-km Users / Content People  Passenger Transportation Goods  Freight Transportation Commuting Shopping Recreation Share of total passengers or tons-km Waste disposal Local distribution Trade Energy & Raw Materials Freight Business Tourism Migration Passengers Distance Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

Users / Content Passengers Freight Board, get off and transfer without assistance Must be loaded, unloaded and transferred Process information and act on it without assistance The information must be processed through logistics managers Make choices between means of transport often irrationally Logistics managers make choices between means of transport rationally Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

Vehicles / Services

Infrastructure

Control System

Evolution of Transportation 1800 1900 1950 Docks Locks Rails Omnibus Steam engine Electric motor Balloons Dirigibles Iron hulls Internal combustion engine Metro Tramway Automobile Liners Bicycles Planes Trucks Buses Electric car Hydrogen Airfoils Super tankers TGV Maglev Jet engine Jet Plane Container ships Helicopters Bulk ships Highways Jumbo Jet 2000 Maritime Road Rail Air

Evolution of Transportation 1500-1840 Average speed of wagon and sail ships: 16 km/hr 1850-1930 Average speed of trains: 100 km/hr. Average speed of steamships: 25 km/hr 1950 Average speed of airplanes: 480-640 km/hr 1970 Average speed of jet planes: 800-1120 km/hr 1990 Numeric transmission: instantaneous Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

Evolution of Transportation 1000 Jet Plane Road Rail 750 Maritime Air 500 HST Propeller Plane 250 Automobile 100 Rail Stage Coach 50 Liner Clipper Ship Containership 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

Contemporary Challenges

Transportation Transportation Multi-User Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Multi-Impacts Transportation

What is TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ?

Transportation Engineering One of the specialty areas of civil engineering Development of facilities for the movement of goods and people Planning, design, operation and maintenance Multidisciplinary study

Transportation Engineering

Transportation Engineering “For millions of Americans, girding for gridlock is a teeth teeth-grinding daily ritual. And with more cars on the road every day, engineers and other professionals trained to reduce traffic congestion are finding plenty of job opportunities” “PAY AND PERKS: $45,000 to $150,000. Producing tangible change is a source of job satisfaction for many.” U.S. News and World Report, February 18, 2002

Highways and Highway Components Highway Transportation Characteristics

Outline Functional classification of roads Road functions Hierarchical structure of road networks Mobility vs. accessibility Mobility vs. transportation mode Highway components Cross-sections Highway plan and profile Interchanges Rural and urban intersections

Transportation System Definition of Transportation Modes A transportation system is an infrastructure that serves to move people and goods efficiently. The transportation system consists of fixed facilities, flow entities, and a control component. Efficient = safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, environmentally compatible.

Transportation System Major transportation subsystems Land transportation: highway, rail Air transportation: domestic, international Water transportation: inland, coastal, ocean Pipelines: oil, gas, other

Highway Transportation System Fixed facilities: roads, intersections, interchanges, service stations, etc. Flow entities: passenger cars, buses, trucks, pedestrians, etc. Control component: highway administration, local transportation agencies, transportation engineering.

Highway Transportation Engineering Definition The application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of roads, streets and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation. Areas of highway transportation engineering: Planning of streets and highways Geometric design of road facilities Traffic operations and control Traffic safety Maintenance of road facilities and controls

Mobility Road Functions Accessibility

Hierarchical Structure of Road Networks Rural Urban

Mobility vs. Accessibility Road Class Road Function Freeways Through movement exclusively Surface Arterials Through movement primary and some land access Collectors Traffic movement to higher rank roads, access to abutting properties Local Roads Access to abutting land and local traffic movement

Hierarchical Structure of Road Networks

Mobility vs. Accessibility

Mobility vs. Transportation Mode

Mobility vs. Transportation Mode Capacity capacity in veh/h = capacity in veh/h/lane x number of lanes capacity in persons/h = capacity in veh/h x average vehicle occupancy

Mobility vs. Transportation Mode Capacity Facility Vehicles/hr Persons/hr Three-lane urban freeway 2,000 x 3 = 6,000 6,000 x 1.7 = 10,200 Three-lane urban arterial 800 x 3 = 2,400 2,400 x 1.7 = 4,080 One lane of buses 100 x 1 =100 100 x 80 = 8,000 One track of light rail 19,000 One track of heavy rail 40,000

Highway Components Cross-section

Highway Components Highway plan and profile

Highway Components Urban Intersections

Highway Components Rural Intersections

Highway Components Interchanges