1. Transportation Planning and Design in Practice
Presented by
Dr. Adiele Nwankwo, Ph.D
Senior Vice-President, Parsons Brinckerhoff
at the
Developing Sustainable Transportation Systems
US/Africa Workshop
August 26 – 27, 2009
Naura Springs Hotel
Arusha, Tanzania

2. “Current Transport Inefficiencies Create High Transportation Costs”
Transportation costs in Africa are among the highest in the World. In many African Countries, transportation costs represent 33 to 52 percent of the value of exports

3. Major Cities in Developing Countries Experience Significant Congestion Problems

4. Traffic Accidents Lead to Tremendous Loss of Lives

5. Transportation Investment
Creates Capacity, Efficiency and Reliability
Reduces Transportation Costs
Reduces Transit Times
Presents Opportunities for Business Expansion
Increases Productivity
Higher Competitiveness

6. Modes of Coordinated Transportation System
Roadways
Transit
Airways
Seaports
Motorcycle/Bike Paths
Etc.

7. Rivers and Canals
The first stage of the industrial revolution was linked to the development of canal systems in Western Europe and North America to transport heavy goods.
This permitted the development of rudimentary and constrained inland distribution systems.

8. Seaports
Linked with the early stages of European expansion from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
Ports supported the development of international trade through colonial empires, but were constrained by limited inland access

9. Railways
The second stage of industrial revolution in the 19th century was intimately linked to the development and implementation of rail systems
Allowed a more flexible inland transportation system.

10. Roadways
The 20th century saw the development of road transportation systems and automobile manufacturing.
Individual transportation became a commodity available to the masses, especially after the Second World War.
This process was reinforced by the development of highway systems.

11. Airways
The later part of the 20th century saw the development of global air networks
Fueled by Globalization of economic activities.
Electronic communications supported transport functions, especially in realm of logistics and supply chain management.

12. Transit Sub-Modes Personalized Transit Systems Bus Transit
Bus Rapid Transit
Streetcars
Fixed Guideway Vehicles
Light Rail System
Heavy Rail
Commuter Rail

13. Personalized Transit System/ Transit On Demand

14. Bus Transit

15. LAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota Depot LAMATA Bus Shelter – Ilupeju
Bus Rapid Transit
Premium transit using rubber tire vehicles
Dedicated running way
Fewer stops than local bus
Distinct stations, vehicles, and systems
Allows flexibility to operate multiple routes
LAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota Depot
LAMATA Bus Shelter – Ilupeju

16. Streetcar or Light Rail Transit
Street Car or Light Rail Vehicle: An electrically propelled rail vehicle operated singly or in trains on shared, semi exclusive, or exclusive right-of-way

17. Fixed Guideway Vehicles
Automated guideway small and medium-sized vehicles that operate fully automatically on guideways with exclusive rights-of-way
Typically on a loop or as a shuttle within central business districts, airports or other high activity centers

18. Light Rail Transit Modern version of traditional streetcars
May operate alongside auto, rail traffic
Reduces costs
Increases travel time
Stations 1∕3-1½ miles apart

19. Heavy Rail
The term heavy rail is often used for regular rail, to distinguish from systems such as light rail, monorail, Street car etc.
Heavy rail typically refers to the standard inter-city rail network, which is built to be robust enough for heavy and high-speed trains, including freight trains, and long distance passenger trains.

20. Commuter Rail Transit Similar to passenger railroad service
Existing railroads with improvements
Sidings
Additional tracks
Long-distance commuting
Stations 1½ -5 miles apart

21. Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-1
Channelization of Trips

22. Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-2
Schematic Illustration of a Functionally Classified Rural Highway Network

23. Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-3
Schematic of a Portion of an Urban Street Network

24. Functional Classification of Roads
Figure II-4

25. Functional Classification of Roads
Table II-1 -- The Hierarchy of functional systems
Rural areas
Urbanized areas
Small Urban areas
Principal arterials Minor arterial roads Collector roads Local roads
Principal arterials Minor arterial streets Collector streets Local streets

26. Steps to Transforming East Africa Community Economies
Develop Comprehensive Transportation Plan
Employ Appropriate Technology to Manage Infrastructure development and Maintenance
Seek Innovative Funding Strategies
Encourage Public-Private Partnerships

27. Thank You Questions?