Milestone Minutes Organisms Week 2

Plants obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis  Occurs in the chloroplast, chlorophyll (pigment) traps sunlight  CO2 is used to make sugars that will be used to make cellulose for cell walls  Sunlight + H2O + CO2 => C6H12O6 + O2 Animals obtain energy through the process of cellular respiration.  Occurs in the mitochondria.  Sugars in food are broken down to make Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)  ATP is stored energy, ADP is released energy. ATP and ADP are cycled by plants and animals  C6H12O6 + O2 => ATP + H20 + CO2 Plant and animals are dependent upon each other for life and recycle energy products.

There are six kingdoms of life:  Archebacteria- prokaryote, live in oxygen-free environments  Eubacteria- prokaryotes, auto-/heterotrophic, some cause disease  Protista- uni-/multicellular, eukaryote, heterotrophic, some are parasitic  Fungi-multicellular, eukaryote, heterotrophic, decomposers  Plant-multicellular, eukaryote, autotrophic  Animal-multicellular, eukaryote, heterotrophic  Viruses are not considered living because they need a host.

Taxonomy is the classification of living things based on similar characteristics.  The taxa groups are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.  The more taxa organisms share in common, the more similar they are  Additional kingdoms were realized with the discovery of the microscope  Binominal nomenclature is the process of naming organisms developed by Linnaeus  Scientific names are written in Latin and include the Genus name followed by the species name  Body structures, behaviors, and DNA can be used to compare relationships between organisms

Dichotomous Key