American English 11 September 2014 Pétur Knútsson

First session, Thursday 11 September 2014 Introduction: Home and International The expansion of the English language across the Atlantic into the North America. The mechanics of such a movement and its implications for the development of the language. Second session, Thursday 2 October Features of different varieties of American English and the salient differences between British and American English. Speculation about the future.

Knútsson (2004), “English as a Dead Language” draws a distinction between “Home Englishes” and International English

Maybe I should of. Maybe I should have. I should have done it. Perhaps I should have. Think of something. What are you thinking of? I should of done it Re-analysis 

Home and international “Home” Developing, diverging. L1, first language, preliterate acquisition International Standardised, stable. L2, second language, literate acquisition o Contact and interelations between the two 5

Million speakers, Britain, N. America, Australia, New Zealand, S.Africa, Anglo-Indian etc. Global English as a second or foreign language Figures from Kachru, in Quirk and Widdowson, English in the World, CUP 1985

“Home” Englishes 3 modes of expansion of English: 1.extermination (“virgin territories”) 2.exploitation(“civilising the natives”) 3.internationa trade (cooperation and/or exploitation)

“Home” Englishes In this course we are only discussing: 1.extermination (“virgin territories”)

The “Home Englishes” Britain: – Highland Scottish – Lowland Scottish – Northern English, – West Midlands – East Midlands – Southern English (incl London) – SW English – Welsh English – Northern Irish – Irish Republic North America – Eastern Canada – Mid and Western Canada – Eastern USA – Southern USA – West USA The Southern Hemisphere – South Africa – Australia – New Zealand 9

The Colonial Englishes as official languages: Africa: – Cameroon (with French) – Gambia – Ghana – Kenya – Liberia – Mauritius (with French) – Namibia – Nigeria – Sierra Leone – South Africaq – Tanzania – Uganda – Zimbabwe Asia – India – Bangladesh – Pakistan – Sri Lanka – Philipines – Hong Kong – 10

The "second language" Englishes Europe – Romance, Germanic, Slavic languages –..... Icelandic Africa Indian subcontinent China

First session, Thursday 11 September 2014 Introduction: Home and International The expansion of the English language across the Atlantic into the North America. The mechanics of such a movement and its implications for the development of the language.

Chapter 11 of Baugh and Cable’s History of the English Language (originally published 1951) Sections : History of the settlement. See “European Settlement of N. America” in Ugla (Power Point self-study)

European Settlement of N. America Colonial period Expansion period Later immigration { { { { Irish German Scandinavian S.Europe Slavonic Mexican Puerto Rican etc. African slaves War of Independence Civil War