Causes of the Civil War Think- What factors unite this country Causes of the Civil War Think- What factors unite this country? What factors divide this country? (examples) Could any of these factors split the nation? political, social(people), cultural(lifestyles), economic ($ differences), religion Students will understand the series of events during the 1850’s that lead to a deterioration between the North and the South which lead the South to secede (break away) and start it’s own country Goal Questions 1) Analyze the key viewpoint that the both the North and South had towards slavery (beyond N against, S for) 2-5)Identify and explain 5 factors that caused the country to divided into the Civil War

The issue of slavery South- wants to preserve slavery States Rights- slavery should be decided by each state Political power- need to create new slave states to retain power in Senate North Abolitionism- some in the North want to ban slavery William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator” 1st anti-slavery newspaper ?How does this create an anti-slavery movement Expansion in the west- majority of Northerners want to keep slavery out of land acquired from Mexico in the west and keep slavery where it already is Why would Northerners only want to limit slavery rather than outright ban slavery?

Compromise of 1850- South wants more slave states in West to preserve political power, North wants to stop spread of slavery California- wants statehood Gold Rush (1849)- thousands move to CA ?Should Ca. be a slave or free state? Compromise of 1850 CA. enters as a free state Slave Trade in DC ended New Mexico and Utah Territory open to slavery Fugitive Slave Law- N. forced to return run away slaves Why would the N. be so upset over the FSL? ?Who was the big winner w. Comp. of 1850? N or S?

Kansas-Nebraska Act- extends slavery into an area it was once banned (in Louisiana Territory) Senator Stephan Douglass- wants a Transcontinental RR to end in Ill. Douglass needs S. support What can Douglass over the S. as a compromise? (In regards to slavery) Missouri Compromise Repealed (May 1854) slavery is now allowed N. of 36*30* Upsets Northerners and destroys Whig party as slavery is now extended into North ?What are Northerners most against about slavery? Two Territories Created Nebraska- closed to slavery Kansas-Popular Sovereignty- people of the territory will vote on slavery *S. felt it would get a new state

Republican Party- founded as an anti-slavery party after the Whigs died out Whigs died because… Mexican-American War- against, fear new land would expand slavery ?Why would being against the Mex./Am war hurt Whigs? Repeal of Missouri Comp.- Whigs could not stand up to the Democrats and protect an important law to prevent expansion of slavery People wanted a party that was more reform oriented with the 2nd Great Awakening Republican Party- beliefs Free-Labor (liberty to chose job) slavery hurt regular workers Morally Opposed to Slavery- 2nd GA (how many slaves would Jesus own?) Planter Power- rich, southern minority had too much power How is the R. party different today?

Bleeding Kansas- mini-civil war breaks out in Kansas between Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery forces Fear- if KA. Becomes a slave state, so will the rest of the west Popular Sovereignty- citizens of KA. Vote on slavery Settlement of Kansas- both N and S. have people move to KA. Just to vote ?Which side has the advantage in bringing voters into Ka? Election on Slavery- election is corrupted by S. who have citizens from Missouri cross border to vote (early and often) Pro-slavery majority wins election Bleeding Kansas- both N and S settlers in Ka. Start killing each other John Brown- anti-slavery, dismembers people Do you feel John Brown is in the right morally?

Caning of Charles Sumner- violence breaks out in the halls of Congress between two politicians Charles Sumner- Rep. senator from MA (one of the first in congress) “Crime Against Kansas”- blames Bleeding KA. On SC and personally insults SC Senator Preston Brooks- Rep. from SC begins attacking Sumner in Capital South’s Reaction- sent Brooks canes Republican Reaction- Sumner a martyr, gains popularity nationally What does this event show about the nation and government in the 1850’s? Can Civil War be avoided? How?

Election of 1856 3 Candidates James Buchanan (Dem)- only criteria is that he did not vote on repeal Missouri Comp (anyone who did vote could not be elected President) Millard Fillmore (Know Nothings) anti-immigrant James C. Fremont (Rep.)- hero of Mex/Am War Buchanan wins and becomes worst President ever! Why do you feel Buchanan was not able to solve the problems of the nation? Rep. feel they can win next election if they have the right candidate! WHO?

Dred Scott Decision- Supreme Court declares slaves property (legalizes slavery everywhere in US) Sues for Freedom- felt living in a free state with his master made him a free citizen Does living in a free state make a slave free? Explain Justice Taney Opinion Slaves are not citizens Implies Af./Ams. are not American and have no place in US except as slaves Mo. Compromise was unconstitutional- federal government has no right ban slavery All states open to slavery Why would the North be furious over this decision?

Lincoln- Douglas Debates-Abraham Lincoln runs for the Senate seat from Ill (campaign establishes Lincoln as a national/famous figure against slavery in the US) Lincoln- Republican Douglass- one of the most powerful men in US and great debater Debate- centers around future of slavery in US Dg- accuses Lincoln of believing blacks are equal to whites Believes US can exist half free/half slave Lincoln- believes blacks should have equality of opportunity House Divided- a split country can not survive Lincoln loses election, but why is this election significant?

Harper’s Ferry-failed slave revolt started by a white person (John Brown) John Brown- wanted to arm slaves Harper’s Ferry, VA. (Armory)- idea steal weapons and give to slaves Failed- rained, poorly planned, slaves don’t trust whites What would have been the result if the uprising was successful? What is the South’s newest fear? Reaction Republicans- deny having anything to do with Brown Emerson- calls Brown a hero South- blame Rep. for Brown, says if a Rep. becomes President, S. will secede Is the South right to think this way or be so scared of a Rep. President and their future in the US?

Election of 1860- four candidates run fro President, Lincoln wins by only winning in the North What is the South’s view of their future and place/power in US based on the result’s of this election? Federal Aid to Border States (slave states that don’t need slavery) New States More “John Browns” *secession- seen as only way to protect slavery and their way of life Confederate States of America South Carolina- 1st to seceede (Dec. 1861) Deep South (GA, AL, MS, LA, FL, TX)- seceede Jan. 1861 Upper South (VA, NC, TN, ARK) and Border States (MO, KY, Maryl, Del)- waiting for a compromise Why does Lincoln not stop Confederates?