1. VIOLENCE ESCALATES
cHAPTER 7.2

2. Kansas Nebraska Act
Stephen Douglas introduced a bill to set up a gov't in the Nebraska Territory
area would be set up according to popular sovereignty
The South was afraid of Nebraska becoming a free state
Douglas changed the bill and divided the territory into 2 regions - Kansas and Nebraska
idea was that Kansas would be a slave state and Nebraska a free state
Some northerners pointed out that the Kansas-Nebraska Act nullified the Missouri Compromise

3. Disputes in Kansas
proslavery advocates set up a gov't near the Missouri border
Border Ruffians, from Missouri, came over and voted in Kansas elections to get proslavery people into power
Northern abolitionists also came into the state to set up a free gov't
2 different gov'ts applied for statehood

4. BLEEDING KANSAS
May 21, Border Ruffians raid the antislavery town of Lawrence Kansas
John Brown, an abolitionist, retaliates
he and his sons carry out a midnight execution of 5 proslavery settlers
proslavery and antislavery armed for battle - violent outbreaks occurred.
Territory known as "Bleeding Kansas"

5. Violence in the Senate
Charles Sumner, a Massachusetts senator, accused Southerners of bullying and fraud
insulted SC senator Andrew Butler who wasn't present
Butler's nephew, Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner with a cane
Congress tried to remove Brooks from office but was voted back in
Sumner injuries kept him out for 3 years but voters voted him in and left his seat open

6. National Politics
Whigs lose power and never achieve success with a presidential candidate after Millard Fillmore
Republican Party
opposed to slavery
grew rapidly by attracting antislavery Democrats, Know Nothings, Whigs, and Free-Soilers
Know-Nothings - native born white Protestants who were against immigration
afraid of Catholics changing religious freedom

7. Election of 1856 Republicans - abolitionist John C. Fremont
Democrats - James C. Buchanan
promised he would stop "the agitation of the slavery issue"
won the election - 15th president

8. Dred Scott Dred Scott - a Missouri slave sued for freedom
said his master had taken him from the free state of Illinois and Wisconsin where slavery was outlawed according to the Missouri Compromise
between he had been a slave on free soil
His case went to the Supreme Court
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled against Scott
stated that slaves and their descendants were property, not citizens, so they could not sue in courts

9. Dred Scott cont.
Taney also ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it was illegal for Congress to deprive an owner of his property without due process
Dred Scott parody

10. Lincoln Douglas Debates
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas had 7 debates, competing for a Senate seat
each side presented views on slavery and its role in America
Lincoln
opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
opposed the expansion of slavery
against popular sovereignty
condemned slavery
did not believe African Americans were socially or politically equal to whites

11. Lincoln Douglas Debates
not a slaveholder but sympathetic to slavery
believed popular sovereignty was implied by Constitution
believed in the power of states' rights
Douglas wins the Senate seat but Lincoln builds a following

12. Raid on Harper's Ferry John Brown - believed he was an angel of God
believed he needed to avenge the evil of slavery - he was a fanatic
recruited people and money to launch an attack on slavery
tried to seize the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA.
had 21 men, including 5 free African Americans
hoped to inspire slaves to join him
Frederick Douglass refused to support
2 of Brown's sons killed
Brown and several others hung

13. John Brown Execution Day he predicted
"the crimes [of slavery] of this guilty land will never be purged away...without very much bloodshed"
John Brown parody

14. Works Cited
Lapansky-Werner, et al. United States History. Pearson Education.
2016. Print.