1. The Road to the Civil War

2. The Road to War, 1850-1860 Causes of War: Slavery, but what else? ◦ Westward Expansion (of slavery) ◦ State’s Rights ◦ Abolitionists ◦ Free labor, white men ◦ Sectionalism ◦ Different views of democracy

3. Political Divisions, 1848 Wilmont Proviso, 1848 No slavery in territory acquired from Mexico (rejected) Election of 1848 (Dems vs. Whigs) ◦ Whigs split over slavery ◦ Popular sovereignty (South) ◦ Free Soil Party (North)

4. Slavery in the West? What to do with Western Territories? Extend Missouri Compromise line? “Free” Slavery Popular sovereignty California started the debate over slavery again…

5. Compromise of 1850 Washington, D.C.; CA = free; UT & NM Pop. Sovereignty; Fugitive Slaves

6. Fugitive Slave Law, 1850 Compromise of 1850 Northerners No trial No evidence National Black Convention, NY

7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Mass printing Personalized Christianity 3 million copies No free speech

8. Growing Divisions National Political Parties: Whigs and Democrats splintering into northern and southern factions due to slavery. Sectionalism and slavery stronger than party allegiances President Pierce 1852-6, hoped nationalism and expansion (Manifest Destiny) would unite North and South Cuba and Central America: failed, angered northerners Slavery in the West was tearing apart the country

9. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854  Illinois Senator Stephen Douglass Railroad Removed Indians Nebraska Territory Slave or free? Above Missouri Comp Line South opposed him

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act -Create TWO Territories -Popular Sovereignty --Bad Idea!!!!--

12. Significance Cancelled Missouri Compromise Popular Sovereignty Started to split North & South New party of “Republicans” in North made up of (Old Whigs, Free Soil Party, Immigrants, Frustrated democrats)

13. “Bleeding Kansas” 1854-6 Popular Sovereignty Struggle for Kan. Illegal voting Two governments Violence John Brown 

14. Dred Scott Decision, 1857 B. 1795, VA, slave & raised in Missouri Lived in free territory Back to Missouri Sued for freedom, 1846 Up to Supreme Court by 1857

15. Chief Justice Roger Taney Missouri Comp was unconstitutional Slaves were property and owners could take slaves anywhere Congress could not bar slavery in territories (Free) blacks not citizens Scott could not sue

16. Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 Illinois Senate race Abraham Lincoln Republican Opposed expansion Not an abolitionist Not equality Stephen Douglas Democrat Popular Sovereignty Support white voters Won election, but southerners wanted a stronger stand

17. Raid on Harpers Ferry  John Brown Virginia, 1859 Rebellion Failed Hanged Polarized N & S

18. Election of 1860 Lincoln = Republican North and South South Carolina left the Union CIVIL WAR…..