1. By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez Grace Christian Academy
The 1850s:
Road to
Secession
By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez Grace Christian Academy

2. Issue 1: The Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri joins Union as a slave state
Maine-free
12 free, 12 slave
36 degree latitude- north of line states would be free, south of line states would be slave

3. The Missouri Compromise

4. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850
California statehood.
Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.
Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:
Personal liberty laws
Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

5. Issue 2: The Compromise of 1850
Architect of the Compromise-Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky
California-free (pleased the north)
New Mexico and Utah (pleased the south)-slave territories
Washington DC-slave trade abolished, not slavery itself
Fugitive Slave Law (pleased the south)

6. The Compromise of 1850

7. Effect of the new Fugitive Slave Law

8. 1852 Presidential Election
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott JohnParkerHale Democrat Whig Free Soil

9. 1852 Election Results

10. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
“So you ‘re the little lady who started this great war!” Abraham Lincoln

11. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Written by Stowe
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

13. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Slavery in the new territories particularly Kansas and Nebraska should be decided on by “popular sovereignty”-letting the settlers themselves decide on whether should be slavery (advocated strongly by northern Democrats like Stephen Douglas)

14. “Bleeding Kansas”-result of “popular sovereignty”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) who attacked anti-slavery Free Soil Kansans

15. “The Crime Against Kansas”
An evil and aggressive “slave power”
“Bleeding Kansas
“Bleeding Sumner”
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)

16. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
Nativists.
Anti-Catholics.
Anti-immigrants.
1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.
Rise to power short-lived

17. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Attracted:
Northern Whigs.
Northern Democrats.
Free-Soilers.
Know-Nothings.
Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

18. 1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American Party

19. 1856 Election Results

20. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

21. Issue 3: The Dred Scott Case
Ruling encouraged by President Buchanan
Slaves are not citizens-can’t sue
Scott remains a slave under Missouri law
Congress cannot ban slavery in any territory
The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional

22. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

23. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

24. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

25. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

26. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

27. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

28. 1860
Election
Results

29. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

30. Issue 4: Secession
Secession-when a states or states decide to leave the Union (The United States)
Lincoln-will not extend slavery any further
December 20, South Carolina decides to secede
A month after Lincoln became president, southerners opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
The Civil War began-April 12, 1861

31. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861