Solutions.

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Presentation transcript:

Solutions

Describe and give examples of various types of solutions. Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible Additional KEY Terms Pure Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Suspensions often settle out if left to stand. 1. Heterogeneous mixtures uneven distribution. particles in mixture can be identified. Sand and water Salt and pepper Suspension heterogenous mix of solid in liquid. Use filters to separate components. Suspensions often settle out if left to stand.

If we let emulsions sit, they will eventually separate too. b. Emulsion heterogeneous mix of two or more liquids. If we let emulsions sit, they will eventually separate too.

Larger molecules suspended in liquid c. Colloids / Gels Larger molecules suspended in liquid Not easily filtered and do not settle out Are usually opaque / translucent Light hits particles and doesn’t get through – Tyndall Effect Can look homogenous: Blood, milk, mayonnaise, whip cream, jelly…

2. Homogeneous mixtures particles of are evenly distributed. difficult to separate. Salt or sugar dissolved in water a. Solution - mixture where all substances are distributed as individual molecules or ions. Solutions do NOT settle out. Solutions cannot be filtered. Usually called solutions.

(malleability, density, strength and rust resistance) b. Alloys solutions of two or more metals. mixed to take advantage of specific properties (malleability, density, strength and rust resistance) Steel - iron and carbon (stronger) Brass - copper and zinc (stronger) Bronze - copper and tin (stronger) Stainless steel - steel w/ chromium (no rust) Gold - gold and copper (harder)

A solution is made up of solute and solvent. Solvent - substance that does the dissolving Solute - the dissolved substance. Solutions with water as the solvent are known as aqueous solutions. In a mixture of same states (both liquids), the solvent is the substance present in the larger amount.

The terms soluble and insoluble are relative terms. Solubility: The amount of solute that can dissolve in a given volume of solvent to form a solution. Soluble – dissolves in a solvent (solution) Insoluble - does not dissolve (suspension) The terms soluble and insoluble are relative terms. soluble insoluble solute ?

Miscible - liquids mix in each other (solution) Immiscible - liquids do not dissolve (emulsion) All gas mixtures of are solutions All gas mixtures are homogeneous

Mixtures suspension insoluble solution (homogeneous) solid liquid soluble (heterogeneous) (dissolve) emulsion immiscible miscible liquid solution (homogeneous) (heterogeneous) (dissolve) alloy (homogeneous) metal soluble (dissolve) solution (homogeneous) gas soluble (dissolve)

Ca(NO3)2 (s) ethanol (l) Ionic calcium nitrate is soluble in polar ethanol – this is a homogeneous solution. octane (l) ethanol (l) Nonpolar octane is immiscible in polar ethanol – this is a heterogeneous emulsion.

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? Describe and give examples of various types of solutions. Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible Additional KEY Terms Pure Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous