1. Classification of Matter

2. A substance that has constant composition & properties
Terms
Definition
Example
Pure Substance
A substance that has constant composition & properties
(contains only one kind of particle)
Elements
A pure substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means.
Any example from the periodic table.
All diatomic molecules (exists in those forms naturally).
Compounds
A pure substance that contains two or more different elements in a fixed proportion. Elements are chemically bonded.
CO2, H2O
Not O2/H2/N2

3. Molecules
The combination of two or more atoms.
From elements: diatomic
From compounds: e.g. CO2
Mixture
A substance that contains two or more different pure substances or types of particles that are not chemically combined. Components can be separated by physical means
(e.g. filtration, evaporation, distillation etc.)
(variable composition & properties)
Homogeneous
Solution
A mixture that has “uniform” composition - One phase. The components within the solution are not identifiable with the eye.
Sugar & water, air
Perfume =alcohol +fragrance
All alloys

4. Solute
The particle in smaller proportion. The dissolved particle.
Sugar in water
Solvent
The particle in larger proportion. The substance in which the solute is dissolved in.
Often water: universal solvent
Alloy
Homogeneous mixture of one or more METALS.
Steel = iron + carbon
Bronze = copper + tin + zinc
Brass = copper + zinc
Sterling silver = Ag + Cu
Stainless steel = Fe + Cr + Ni

5. Ordinary Mechanical Mixture
Heterogeneous
Mechanical
Mixture
A substance in which the different components are identifiable. Two or more phases.
Ordinary Mechanical Mixture
Cross this one out.

6. Suspension
Suspended particles can be seen with the unaided eye. If left undisturbed, gravity will cause the particles to separate.
Oil & water, sand & water, oil & vinegar
Fresh milk (not homogenized)

7. Colloid
Suspended particles cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Gravity will not cause them to separate. (they appear to be homogeneous)
Gelatin = solid + liquids
Whipped cream = gas + liquid
Mayonnaise = egg + oil + vinegar (water, sugar, salt etc.)
paints, glues, butter, milk

8. Emulsion
A suspension of liquids where separation of particles are prevented through the use of an emulsifying agent.
Fresh milk suspends naturally, needs to be emulsified using homogenizationMilk is an emulsified colloid or emulsion.

9. Tyndall Effect
The scattering of a beam of light caused by particles in a colloid. Allows solutions and colloids to be distinguished. (particles in colloid are larger than particles in solutions)

10. Homefun
Workbook: pg
Read Textbook: “Developing the Atomic Theory” pgs
Textbook Answer: pg. 175 #2-5