1. Types of mixtures Russ Ballard Kentlake Science Department

2. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 2 Suspension Activity Take canister of sand. Place in 150 mL of tap water. Stir. Allow to settle. Meeting minder on observations.

3. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 3 Suspensions - before

4. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 4 Suspensions – after

5. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 5 Solution Activity Add scoop of NaCL to 150 mL of tap water. Observe immediate results. Let stand and observe. Filter. Meeting minder on observations.

6. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 6 Solutions What is the difference between mixture and solution? How do you tell a heterogeneous from a homogeneous mixture?

7. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 7 Suspensions Heterogeneous. Particles settle out. Can be separated by filtering. May scatter light, but are not transparent.

8. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 8 Solutions Homogeneous. Do not separate on standing. Cannot be separated by filtering. Do not scatter light.

9. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 9 Colloid with Laser

10. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 10 Colloid Activity Place 150 mL of tap water in beaker. Add three drops of milk. Direct laser/light box at water. Switch on. Meeting minder on observations.

11. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 11 Colloids Heterogeneous. Do not separate on standing. Cannot be separated by filtration. Scatters light (Tyndall effect).

12. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 12 Types of Solutions Solid solutions. Gaseous solutions. Liquid solutions. Aqueous solutions.

13. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 13 Solid Solutions Combinations that are solid. Alloys of metals. –Coins –Jewelry

14. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 14 Alloys

15. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 15 Gaseous Solutions Air we breathe. Pollutants –SO 2 –NO 2

16. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 16 Liquid Solutions Gas in liquids. –Oxygen in water. –CO 2 in soda. –NH 3 in water.

17. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 17 Gas in a Liquid Solution

18. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 18 Liquid Solutions Liquid in a liquid. Some will mix = miscible. –Alcohol and water Some will not = immiscible. –Oil and water

19. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 19 Aqueous Solutions Substances that dissolve in water. Produce ions. Produce molecules.

20. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 20 Solubility of NaCl

21. Polar and Non-Polar Substances.

22. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 22 Polar Compounds Molecule has a charge. Based on atoms. Based on geometry.

23. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 23 Non-polar Compounds Molecule has no charge. Based on atoms. Based on geometry.

24. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 24 Using Electronegativity 0.0 -.3 = non-polar covalent 0.3 - 1.7 = polar covalent 1.7 – higher = ionic

25. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 25

26. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 26 Polar & Non-polar Compounds

27. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 27 Polar / Non-Polar Combinations Must be the same. Usually solid in water or liquid in liquid. “like dissolves like”.

28. Solution Equilibrium

29. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 29 Solubility Rate Surface area Stirring Temperature Pressure

30. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 30 Solubility Solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a specific solvent under given conditions.

31. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 31 Predict Solubility If non-polar only a non-polar solvent will work. If polar or ionic only a polar solvent will work

32. Electrolytes

33. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 33 Electrolytes Dissolving ionic substances in water. Ions conduct electricity. –Human body –Battery

34. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 34 Non-Electrolytes Do not conduct electricity. Molecules form them. –Sugar in water.

35. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 35 Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes.

36. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 36 Electrolyte model

37. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 37 Exothermic / Endothermic Solutions A measure of bonds broken and formed. Heat is given = exothermic. Heat is needed = endothermic.

38. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 38 Exothermic and Endothermic

39. May 5, 2004 Kentlake Science Department 39 Photo Credits http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/susp1.jpg http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/miscible4.jpg http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/sols1.gif http://www.tg.rim.or.jp/~kanai/pic/col04.jpg http://www.foundry-casting.co.uk/casting-foundry-pics/copper-base-alloys.jpg http://www.jhu.edu/~matsci/people/faculty/erlebacher/what_is_materials_science.htm http://adaptivestrategies.com/CARDIAC.jpg http://i.timeinc.net/popsci/images/science/sci0302antifreeze_A.gif http://www.washington.edu/cambots/archive/fog.gif http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/phscale2.jpg http://www.csmt.ewu.edu/csmt/chem/jcorkill/soap.gif http://cator.hsc.edu/~kmd/caveman/projects/soap/water.jpg http://www.chem.neu.edu/Courses/1105Tom/05Lecture11_files/image006.jpg http://www.lhup.edu/~rkleinma/Chem220/CH1Notes/CH1f/dipole3.GIF http://www.sciencekit.com/Images/ProductImages/149666.jpg http://www.gcsevise.com/images/endo_exo.jpg