UNFCCC WORKSHOP Port Louis, Mauritius (8-11 April 2003) USE OF THE GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS FROM NON-ANNEX I PARTIES MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE : CASE STUDIES FROM AFRICA AND CAPACITY BUILDING Dr Moussa Kola CISSE Enda/Dakar-SENEGAL

Mitigation of Climate Change : Case studies from Africa and Capacity building Key provisions required by the guidelines Methodological approaches & reference documents for mitigation analysis study Lessons from Africa case studies Capacity building issues

Key provisions required by the guidelines Information on the general description of steps taken or envisaged by the NAI Party to implement the Convention  Including national and regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change  Addressing anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol  Relevant information by key sectors on methodologies, scenarios, results, measures and institutional arrangements  Based on national circumstances, within the framework of sustainable development Any other relevant information to the achievement of the objective of the Convention

Methodological approaches & reference documents Technical resources  Technologies, Policies and Measures for Mitigating Climate Change (IPCC Technical Paper I)  UNEP/Riso : Economics of GHG limitations, GF/  GHG Mitigation assessment : A Guidebook  GHG Mitigation Assessment : A Guidebook by US Country Studies Program Models  LEAP : Long range Energy Alternatives Planning system (Energy sector)  COMAP : Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment Process (Land use change & Forestry)  Statistic tools (other sectors)

Methodological approaches & reference documents (continued) Analytical structure  Evaluation of national social and economic development framework for climate change mitigation  Baseline scenario projection  Mitigation scenarios projections  Macroeconomic assessment  Implementation issues

Lessons from Africa case studies Background for Africa GHG emissions  Minor contributor of GHG emissions  3.2% of the world total carbon emissions  7.7% for methane  Energy : 32% of GHG emissions in Africa  Land use : 37%  Agriculture : 20%  Industrial processes : 1%  Waste : 10%

Lessons from Africa case studies (continued) Senegal GHG emissions  Total GHG emissions in 1995 : 9317 Gg Eq CO2  Energy : 41%  Agriculture : 32%  Waste : 24%  Industrial processes : 3%

Lessons from Africa case studies (continued) Challenges and Opportunities for climate change mitigation  Mitigation analysis not an end, but as mean to achieve sustainable development goals  Power and transport sectors offer a great promise in African countries

Lessons from Africa case studies (continued) Results of Mitigation analysis study in Senegal  Sector : Energy  Time horizon : 20 years  Base year : 1995  Model : LEAP  Baseline scenario : No specific measure to mitigate GHG emissions Sector policy considered Hydroelectricity in 2003 and 2007 Biomass energy consumption continue

Lessons from Africa case studies (continued)  Mitigation scenario Increase of natural gas use Increase of LPG use Decrease of biomass energy consumption  Mitigation options Increase of sequestration capacity Promoting renewable energies Energy efficiency in industrial sector  CO2 emission saved for energy efficiency  Senelec ( Teq CO2) – Sonacos ( Teq CO2)  Cost: 12 USD per Teq CO2 – 9 USD

Lessons from Africa case studies (continued) Main problems for mitigation analysis study Baseline scenario not include assessment of existing policies and measures Projection data and parameters based on plans and objectives which need to be updated Use of statistic methods which are limited for a long term forcasts Mitigation analysis based on sectoral inventory and not taking into account the cross cutting issues as well as the derived effects Mitigation options listed without any analysis GHG emission saved not estimated Economic impacts analysis weak Uncertainties not assessed

Capacity Building issues for the preparation of NC in Africa Context  Lack of specific policy in CC issues  National or regional institutions not flexible to include CC concerns in their mandate or action plans  Availability of technical and sectoral capacities, but not very well involved in CC issues  Turn over of human resources and changes in institutions  Limited Research capacities  Weak collaboration between institutions and not well networking at national, regional and international level

Capacity Building issues for the preparation of NC in Africa (continued) Capacity Building initiatives in practice  Participation to the UNFCCC process (negociation, subsidiary bodies, review process): Learning by doing and information process  Thematic seminars, confrences, workshops (UNFCCC and other organizations at international or bilateral level)  Collaborative Researches with Annex I institutions, universities, or UN collaborative centres  Specif projects for capacity building (UNDP/GEF, CC:Train)  Enabling activities for the preparation of NC

Limits  Lack of strategies and specific action plans at national and international level  Initiatives not well coordinated  Short term vision  More focus on activities and agenda seetting  Lack of resources  Limited diversification of target groups  Needs and Priorities of CB not well or systematicaly identified (Donors driven) Capacity Building issues for the preparation of NC in Africa (continued)

Positive aspects  More interest on CC issues  CC Technical and Information sources well known  Availability of national studies on CC (inventory, mitigation, V&A, CDM and negotiation issues)  Progressive establishment of capacities and excellence centres  Establishment of focal points and concertation mechamisms at national level

Capacity Building issues for the preparation of NC in Africa (continued) Strategy Approach Institutional CB Establishment of national and regional capacity nodes Actions Enhance scientific and technical capacities Strengthen competent and permanent institutions working on CC issues