1. GHG INVENTORY IN VIET NAM
The 8th Asia – Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
October 17 – 21, 2016, Seoul, Republic of Korea
GHG INVENTORY IN VIET NAM
Tong Thi Van Anh
Head of Analysis Laboratory Group,
Environmental Analysis Laboratory Division,
Hydro-Meteorological and Environmental Station Networks Center
National Hydro-Meteorological Service of Viet Nam

2. General Information
Vietnam signed United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 11 June 1992 and ratified it on 16 November Viet Nam also signed Kyoto Protocol (KP) on 03 December 1998 and ratified it on 25 September 2002
Implementing commitments of the Non-Annex I Parties as stated in Article 4.1 of UNFCCC, Vietnam is not required to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emission but to implement some common obligations, such as preparing its National Communications, carrying out GHG inventory, developing and assessing GHG mitigation and climate change adaptation options.

3. General Information
Vietnam completed the development of the Initial National Communication (INC) to the UNFCCC and submitted it to the UNFCCC Secretariat in 2003.
Vietnam completed the development of the 2nd National Communication (SNC) under the UNFCCC and submitted it to the UNFCCC Secretariat at the COP 16 in 2010

4. General Information
Vietnam completed the development of the 1st Report Biennially Update (BUR1) to the UNFCCC and submitted it to the UNFCCC Secretariat in 2014

5. National GHG Inventory System
Energy
Industry
Agriculture
LULUCF
Waste
Institutional arrangement for national GHG Inventory

6. Evaluate emission sources / main absorption
Greenhouse gases mainly are CO2, CH4 and N2O
Identified sources of emissions / absorption include:
- Energy: from Industry / Construction, Transport, Electricity production and mining operations in the oil and gas.
- Industrial Processes: from the production sub-sector of cement and steel production.
- Agriculture: from rice cultivation, fermentation and agricultural land.
- Land use change and Forestry (LULUCF): from forests and reserves change biomass, the soil, fallow land management and land use conversion.
- Waste: from solid waste disposal.

7. The national inventory data of GHG in 1994
Emission sector
CO2 equivalent (Gg)
Percentage (%)
Energy
25,637
24.7
Industrial Processes
3,807
3.7
Agriculture
52,450
50.5
LULUCF
19,380
18.7
Waste
2,565
2.4
Total
103,839
100

8. The national inventory data of GHG in 2000
Emission sector
CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2 eq (Gg)
Percentage (%)
Energy
45,900.00
308.56
1.27
52,772.84 35
Industry
10,005.72
6.6
Agriculture
2,383.75
48.49
65,090.61
43.1
LULUCF
11,860.19
140.33
0.96
15,104.72 10
Waste
331.48
3.11
7,925.18
5.3
Total
67,765.91
3,164.12
53.83
150,898.77
100

9. The national inventory data of GHG in 2010
Emission sector
CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2 eq (Gg)
Percentage (%)
Energy
124,799.34
15,959.52
413.93
141,170.79
53.06
Industrial Processes
21,172.01
7.96
Agriculture
57,908.95
30,445.82
88,354.77
33.21
LULUCF
-20,347.59
1,011.51
117.48
-19,218.59
Waste
65.43
13,448.68
1,837.55
15,351.67
5.77
Total (without LULUCF)
146,036.78
87,316.15
32,696.31
266,049.24
100
Total (with LULUCF)
125,689.19
88,327.66
32,813.79
246,830.64

10. The national inventory data of GHG in 2010

11. The comparison of GHG emissions in 1994, 2000 and 2010
Emission sector
1994
2000
2010
Total Emission
Energy
25,637.09
52,773.46
141,170.79
Industrial Processes
3,807.19
10,005.72
21,172.01
Agriculture
52,450.00
65,090.65
88,354.77
LULUCF
19,380.00
15,104.72
-19,218.59
Waste
2,565.02
7,925.18
15,351.67
Total
103,839.30
150,899.73
246,830.65

12. The comparison of GHG emissions in 1994, 2000 and 2010

13. Estimated GHG emissions in 2020, 2030
Year
Emission sector
2010
2020
2030
Energy
Agriculture
88.355
LULUCF
Waste
15.352
26.581
48.008
Total

14. Limitations and constraints in national GHG inventory
Related information and activities data for GHG inventory are inadequate, with built-in uncertainties and data management lacks coherence.
The data collection process is slow. Data verification and validation are not undertaken on a continuous basis.
The data collection system for GHG inventory is incomplete. A focal agency responsible for the national inventory's data collection, analysis, verification and update has not been established or designated.
Research, assessment and verification for certain country-specific emission factors remains incomplete.

15. Limitations and constraints in national GHG inventory
A database supporting the inventory is not yet available.
There is an inadequate pool of greenhouse gas inventory technical experts in the ministries and agencies. Inter-agency coordination remains to be desired.

16. Improvement Plan
National GHG inventories have been produced for a comparatively short time with limited resources and expertise. Emissions processes are pervasive and complex and, consequently, emissions estimation techniques and data sources for the Vietnam inventory are still inadequate, particularly in some sectors.
It is needed to develop the National Program for improving GHG inventories. The improvements will turn on both the development of activity data and country emission factors.
Train more young experts to involve in GHG inventory.
Strengthen the cooperation between ministries and related agencies in the data collection.
Establish a National GHG Inventory Office or agency.

17. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR YOUR ATTENTION