An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Chapter 1 An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Origins of Cognitive Psychology Aristotle empirical evidence Wilhelm Wundt introspection

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Origins of Cognitive Psychology Early Memory Researchers Ebbinghaus Mary Whiton Calkins recency effect first woman president of APA

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Origins of Cognitive Psychology William James Principles of Psychology tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon Behaviorism Watson Skinner operational definition

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Origins of Cognitive Psychology The Gestalt Approach gestalt insight Frederic C. Bartlett memory as active, constructive process

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Emergence of Modern Cognitive Psychology 1956 "cognitive revolution"

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Emergence of Modern Cognitive Psychology Factors Contributing to the Rise of Cognitive Psychology disappointment with behaviorist approach linguistics; Noam Chomsky human memory research children's thought processes; Jean Piaget

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Emergence of Modern Cognitive Psychology The Information-Processing Approach Mental processes are similar to the operations of a computer. Information progresses through the cognitive system in a series of stages, one step at a time.

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Emergence of Modern Cognitive Psychology The Information-Processing Approach Atkinson-Shiffrin model sensory memory short-term memory (working memory) long-term memory

A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology The Current Status of Cognitive Psychology more complex models widespread influence on the discipline of psychology applications of the cognitive approach in therapy issues of ecological validity

Cognitive Neuroscience Techniques social cognitive neuroscience Brain Lesions Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Event-Related Potential Technique (ERP)

Additional Areas that Contribute to Cognitive Psychology Artificial Intelligence The Computer Metaphor structures and processes Pure Artificial Intelligence efficiency Computer Simulation computer modeling take human limitations into account

Additional Areas that Contribute to Cognitive Psychology Artificial Intelligence The Connectionist Approach parallel distributed processing (PDP) approach neural network approach cerebral cortex serial processing parallel processing

Red Riding Hood Network Big Ears Big Eyes Big Teeth Kindly Wrinkled Handsome Run Away Wolf Scream Look for Woodcutter Grandma Kiss on Cheek Woodcutter Approach Offer Food To Flirt With Cognition 7e, Margaret Matlin Chapter 1

Additional Areas that Contribute to Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Science interdisciplinary—cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence PLUS philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, and economics focus on internal representations

An Overview of Your Textbook Preview of the Chapters Five Themes in the Book Theme 1: The cognitive processes are active, rather than passive. Theme 2: The cognitive processes are remarkably efficient and accurate.

An Overview of Your Textbook Five Themes in the Book Theme 3: The cognitive processes handle positive information better than negative information. Theme 4: The cognitive processes are interrelated with one another; they do not operate in isolation. .

An Overview of Your Textbook Five Themes in the Book Theme 5: Many cognitive processes rely on both bottom-up and top-down processing.