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To tell someone how something looks, smells, feels, acts, tastes, sounds, we have to depend on five physical senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste) as well as our emotions (how something makes us feel) because we need to mention its size, shape, color, texture, smell, taste, and even use. The main purpose of describing something is to help the reader visualize whatever is being described, even if we are describing something we can t really see, like an emotion. But emphasis should be placed on only one aspect of the object at a time, probably its most important characteristic. Describing Sizes and Shapes

Write a few paragraphs describing the sizes and shapes of the structures in the pictures and also the similarities and differences between structures of the same kind. Sample Exercises

Of the various currencies in ancient China, the round bronze coin with square hole in the center was by far the most common. The earliest coins in this form were a product of China s first centralized kingdom, the Qin dynasty, established by Qin Shi Huang in 221 B. C.

An egg is small, oval and lightweight. It is small enough to fit into the palm of a person s hand.

Shanghai Yangpu Bridge: built in 1993 second bridge across Huangpu River the main bridge: 7658 meters long, meters wide 6 driveways double towers the main bridge tower in inverted Y shape: 208 meters high the sightseeing elevator to the main bridge from the ground for visitors Wuhan Yangtze Bridge: built in 1957 first bridge across the Yangtze River 1670 meters long, 14.5 meters wide two layers the upper layer (18 meters wide, 4 lanes) for highway the lower layer for railway the sightseeing elevator to the upper floor from the ground floor for visitors Reference

Empire State Building: 102 layers 448 meters high a ladder-like shape a symbol of the skyscraper and New York City the highest building in the world from the 1930s to 1970s Shanghai Jinmao Building: 88 layers meters high a symbolic building heading into the 21st century the highest building in China and the third highest in the world Reference

Comparison of two bridges The Shanghai Yangpu Bridge and the Wuhan Yangtze Bridge are both important bridges in China, yet they differ in size, design and age. The Yangpu Bridge is a relatively new construction, completed in 1993 as the second bridge across the Huangpu River. The Wuhan Yangtze Bridge is much older. Built in 1957, it was the first bridge to be built across the Yangtze River The Yangpu Bridge is a relatively new construction, completed in 1993 as the second bridge across the Huangpu River. The Wuhan Yangtze Bridge is much older. Built in 1957, it was the first bridge to be built across the Yangtze River. The Yangpu Bridge is much larger in grander in its design. Spanning 7658 metres, and measuring meters wide, its main bridge tower reaches the peak of its inverted Y shape 208 metres above sea level. The Wuhan Yangtze Bridge, measuring 1670 metres long and 14.5 metres wide is comparatively small. However, it has the added design feature of a double layer, accommodating road traffic on the upper layer and railway on the lower layer.

Comparison of two bridges The Empire State Building and Shanghai Jinmao Building are both impressive buildings which are often seen as symbols of the countries they belong to. However, they have different symbolism. The Empire State Building at the time of its construction was intended to represent the grandiosity and strength of New York City at that time, while the Jinmao Building symbolizes the emerging modernization and development of Shanghai and China as it heads into the future. The two buildings also differ in their sizes. The Empire State Building is comparatively taller than the Shanghai Jinmao Building, standing at 102 floors or 448 metres high, which makes it the second tallest building in the world. It just surpasses the Jinmao Building which measures metres high and ranks as the third tallest building in the world. River.

Personal Qualities Sample 1 Sample 1 Exercises Sample 2 Sample 2

(to be continued on the next page) Headhunters Hertbridge Amsterdam European Executive Search & Selection Outstanding Packages This is a unique opportunity to make a real impact on the future success of an international business. We are one of the leading search and selection companies focused on the European IT industry. As part of our strategy for growth we are opening a network of offices in key European countries, in order to provide our clients with both pan-European and local market solutions. This expansion has created the need for two additional consultants to be based either in our Hertbridge or Amsterdam offices. High caliber graduate. Aged

Proven ability to build and develop client relationships. A background in Search, Selection or HR with IT industry Possess a combination of drive and resourcefulness. Fluency in a second European language desirable. For a completely confidential discussion, please phone Sanessa Lury or send a detailed Curriculum Vitae to her at the address below, quoting reference ARI. GOODHOPE GRAHAM AND ASSOCIATION 9 Mikemont Gate, Shenley Hill, Radlett, Herts WD 8 8RP Telephone: 0923, Fax:0923,

(to be continued on the next page) RECRUITMENT BRIEF HI-STYLE INC Company Background Head office: New York, USA European HQ: Zurich, Switzerland Turnover: £350 million Products: clothing; perfume; beauty/health products Main markets: USA, Switzerland Job Specification Position: Marketing Director, Europe Location: based at European headquarters Duties: oversee all aspects of the companys marketing in Europe; implement new strategies for expansion in Europe Salary: minimum £120,000 (negotiable) and substantial benefits package, including relocation expenses

Person Specification EssentialDesirable Qualifications degree; marketing, diploma or specialization MBA Skills Good communication skills; fluency in two European languages (one must be German) IT expertise Background marketing upmarket fashion and health/beauty products in Europe experience of developing new distribution outlets Qualities hard-headed, innovative; able to work in a team; leadership qualities even-tempered outgoing, creative

Ex. 18 Imagine that you wish to apply for the job advertised below. You have the right qualifications and experience, and these are on your CV. Write a letter of application to accompany your CV, emphasizing your personal qualities and suitability for this position. European Management Daily Director, International Sales & Marketing As a key member of our managerial team, you will direct the international business, promotional, and advertising sales activities for the European Management Daily. You will determine the profitability and feasibility of establishing new products and build strategies for delivering current products into new international markets. You will also direct an independent sales force on three continents and be responsible for the day- to-day management and co-ordination of marketing strategies between national and international divisions. (to be continued on the next page)

Ex. 18 Imagine that you wish to apply for the job advertised below. You have the right qualifications and experience, and these are on your CV. Write a letter of application to accompany your CV, emphasizing your personal qualities and suitability for this position. Reference Requires a BA (or equivalent) in Marketing or Finance and 3 + years international marketing/sales experience in publishing or management development. An MBA, experience in start up ventures, and the ability to adapt to different cultures preferred. English and one other European language essential. Overseas travel is required. The post is based in Paris..

Dear Sir or Madam: I would like to be considered as an applicant for the post of director which was advertised in European Management Daily dated August 10,2002. I am male and I am now 35. I have a Masters Degree in Business Administration. I worked in a large company for 5 years before entering Chongqing University last year to study for a doctors degree. Therefore I have accumulated quite a lot of experience in international marketing and sales management. I am outgoing and sociable and I am familiar with many strategies for delivering current products into new international markets. In addition, I am creative and innovative in thinking and Im sure that will help me to determine the profitability and feasibility of new products. Furthermore, I am honest, intelligent and cooperative, yet I am independent. Apart from College of Business Administration Chongqing University Chongqing, China Tel: (023) August 16, 2002

these traits, I am proficient in English, I can communicate in English fluently both orally and in writing. I am also a computer expert too. That means I am well qualified to deal with international business transactions electronically. Im sure that Im the person you are looking for. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration. You can reach me at the above telephone number or address. Im looking forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Li Ming

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