MUST ADD IN ART. IV NOTES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Choose a quote and write one paragraph explaining its meaning. There can be no liberty where the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person." --Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu 1 1 "The accumulation of all power, legislative, executive, and judiciary in the same hands...may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny." --James Madison, Federalist 46

Preamble—purposes FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE ENSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTY

PRINCIPLES FOUND IN THE CONSTITUTION FIND THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES IN YOUR BOOK AND GIVE A REAL LIFE EXAMPLE OF EACH POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY LIMITED GOVERNMENT SEPARATON OF POWERS CHECKS AND BALANCES JUDICIAL REVIEW FEDERALISM

Types of powers found in Constitution 1. Delegated powers Expressed—Enumerated---Actually written in the Constitution!!! Implied—Powers the government has but not written in the Constitution Art. I, Sec. 8, Clause 18—Necessary and Proper / Elastic Clause 2. Reserved Powers Powers left to the States Marriage, Divorce, Education, Local Governments 3. Concurrent powers Both Federal and State Tax, Courts, make laws, police force

STRUCTURE OF CONSTITUTION Three Branches of Government Song ARTICLE I—LEGISLATIVE BRANCH ARTICLE II—EXECUTIVE BRANCH ARTICLE III—JUDICIAL BRANCH ARTICLE IV—HOW THE STATES MUST DEAL WITH EACH OTHER ARTICLE V—AMENDING (CHANGING) THE CONSTITUTION ARTICLE VI—SUPREMACY CLAUSE ARTICLE VII—RATIFICATION—9/13 __________________________________ BILL OF RIGHTS

Art. I—Legislative Branch Grant of Power--…All legislative Powers (make the laws!!!)—Art. I, Sec. 1 Session—time Congress meets (every year) (20 th Amendment) Special session—can be called by president Sessions of Congress Vocabulary Gerrymandering—drawing district lines for the advantage of a particular party (race only unconstitutional reason) 17 th Amendment—Changed the Constitution to allow PEOPLE to elect senators Senate= “House of the States”—ORIGINALLY chosen by State Legislatures House of Representatives=“House of the people” Bill to raise revenue (taxes) MUST start in House

Structure and powers of Congress House of Representatives SenateTerm of Office-Number of members- Qualifications:Qualifications; Powers of Congress—Art. I, Sec. 8, Clauses 1-17 Powers of Congress Things Congress CANNOT do. Art. I, Sec. 9

Powers of Congress—Article II, Section 8, Clauses 1-18 Tax Regulate Interstate Commerce Immigration Coin Money Patents and Copyrights Inferior Courts to Supreme Court Declare war Raise army and Navy Regulate federal land and “seat of government”

Powers Denied to Congress— Article II, Section 9 Commerce Compromise (20 years with slavery) Suspend writ of Habeas Corpus— “present the body” No Ex Post Facto Laws—make criminal today, that which was legal yesterday. No Bill of Attainders—punishment without trial

Homework 1. List the leadership of both the United States House of Representatives and the Senate. 2. List the names of the members of the President’s Cabinet and the Departments they head.

Article II—Executive Branch Grant of Power--Art. II, Sec. 1—“Chief Executive-- Art. II, Sec. 2—Powers of President ALSO!!!! Art. II, Sec. I, Clause 8—”Oath of Office Art. II, Sec. 3—”Take Care Clause”

Powers of the Executive The Appointment Power Top level officials “with the advice and consent of Senate” Appointment Chief Diplomat Treaty—Formal agreement between US and other country 2/3rds—“advice and consent” of Senate Recognition—FORMALLY acknowledges another country persona non grata

Executive Powers Cont…. Commander in Chief civilian in charge of military Congress only “declare war” War Powers Act—reaction to Vietnam Notify Congress in 48 hours End conflict in 60 days (30 day extension) Joint resolution of Congress Invade Iraq Legislative Powers “message” power—recommend only State of the Union State of the UnionState of the Union Must submit a budget (fed. law) call special sessions Approve or Veto legislation (4 things president can do) Veto Approve (sign) Do nothing—10 day rule Pocket Veto—do nothing with less than 10 days—bill dies

Executive Powers cont… Judicial powers Powers of Clemency (mercy) Pardon—granting relief for federal crimes Exception—impeachment.

Article III-----Judicial Branch Judicial Branch Art. III—“The judicial power…in one Supreme Court Jurisdiction—allows court to hear the case Original Jurisdiction—specific court MUST here that case (start) Appellate Jurisdiction—only hear appeal of case Appeal—reviewing a lower courts ruling Supreme Court—BOTH original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction