A New Nation 6.1 Launching a New Nation

The Issues of the Day 6.1 Launching a New Nation

A new nation where Americans will have to work out: Who has the power in which circumstance? What does the Constitution say about who has the power? What about things no one thought of when they wrote the Constitution? There is a growing tension between the northern and southern states…..

Different Types Of Powers In The Constitution 6.1 Launching a New Nation

Powers as defined by the Constitution: Reserved: as found in the 10th Amendment. These are powers only for the states Delegated: found in Article I Section 8: exclusively for the federal govt (also called enumerated or expressed powers) Concurrent: shared powers between federal govt and state govts

Washington’s Presidency Remained “neutral” in politics. Disliked political parties. Too much disagreements he thought.

G Washington creates the first presidential cabinet It doesn’t say anything in the Constitution about a cabinet. This is one of those implied powers

Political Parties begin to develop they are split over how to run the govt

People still debate on how the govt should be run Anti federalist Under Thomas Jefferson Federalist Under Alexander Hamilton This is the basis for future division of political parties

The parties’ views of the government Republicans Federalists Strong central gov’t and the educated to lead the nation States rights and the common man

The Bill of Rights Appeased the Anti-Federalists #1-9 stop Congress from impinging on rights #10 Powers not mentioned reserved to the state gov’ts

Important Court Case

1st Court System Judiciary Act of 1789 Made a Supreme Court with Chief Justice and 5 associate justices (today it is 9 members) 3 federal circuit courts 13 federal district courts state’s court decisions to be appealed to federal court when constitutional issues raised. Guarantees federal laws are “Supreme Law of Land.”

Marbury v Madison 1803 Important Court Case Judicial review is established

McCullough v Md 1819 Important Court Case It states that the Constitution is the supreme law of the nation. This is the Supremacy Clause. – sometimes it is called the Commerce Clause

Supremacy Clause It states that the Constitution is the supreme law of the nation. This is the Supremacy Clause. – sometimes it is called the Commerce Clause

Gibbons v Ogden 1824 Important Court Case Federal gov’t has the right to regulate interstate (state to state) trade

The new country is worried about debt and finances

Hamilton’s Financial Plan Create a national bank Tax whiskey Makes the govt look stronger to other countries

Those who are against the national bank VA and other large states don’t like debt idea Small farmers protest taxes & National Bank Some people think this isn’t right because it does not say in the constitution that we can have a national bank!

The govt decides to tax whiskey to make some money

Whiskey Rebellion Tries the New Nation 1794 PA farmers are mad about the excise tax on whiskey They rebel

Proves federal/national power in domestic events Whiskey Rebellion Tries the New Nation 1794 Proves federal/national power in domestic events

Rebellions 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion 1786 Shay’s Rebellion 1794 Whiskey Rebellion

Political Parties begin to develop they are split over how to run the govt

The parties’ views of the national bank Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans Federalists Supported Nat’l Bank – what the country needs for economic growth Opposed the Nat’l Bank – too much power in hands of govt

Foreign Affairs Trouble the New Nation

Foreign Troubles French Revolution Britain and France engaged in war American neutrality declared 1. Jay’s Treaty 2. “Citizen Genet” 3. British impressment of sailors

Jay’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty – b/w Great Britain and US. Averted war Settled issues which had been unresolved after the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris 1783 3. Created what would be ten years of peaceful trade b/w US and GB This made the Jeffersonian Republicans mad. They thought this treaty would only benefit the Hamiltonian Federalists

Political Parties begin to develop they are split over how to run the govt

The parties’ views of Jay’s Treaty Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans Federalists Jay’s Treaty is important to avoid war so we can concentrate on economic growth Jay’s Treaty only helps northern manufacturers. It hurts Southern farmers.

Edmund Genet The Genet Affair Edmund Genet – a French diplomat who comes to the U.S. He doesn’t obey diplomatic procedure but instead starts recruiting Americans in the pubs to join in France’s Revolution Washington demands he be sent home Genet stays in the U.S. and becomes citizen John Adams Pt 5 31:40-36:51 Genet and Jefferson resigns

Quasi War with France 1798-1800

British Impressment Relations with Britain, still smarting from the loss of her colonies, worsened in the early 1790s impressment of American seamen. They kidnap them off the boats & make them work on British ships continuing British occupation of western posts within U.S. borders.

Impressment

Washington declares official American Neutrality

Political Parties begin to develop they are split over how to run the govt

Federalists The parties’ views of Quasi War with France Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans Federalists Quasi War with France is wrong. We should be against Britain and we should support French Revolution. Support Quasi War with France. Britain is our trading partner and that is most important

Westward Expansion

Domestic Disturbances 1783 Treaty of Paris never mentioned the Native Americans The Native Americans want their tribal lands British still in forts along the rich Ohio Valley Americans want to move west into those rich farmlands past the Appalachian Mountains

Battle of Fallen Timbers 1792 Ohio area Battle of Fallen Timbers Gen. Wayne destroys the Indians and destroys the forest

2nd President

The Election of 1796 Democratic-Republicans nominate Thomas Jefferson Federalist nominate John Adams

XYZ Affair

Meanwhile, in France XYZ Affair – French insult us by trying to bribe our diplomats

Are we at war with France? It is a quasi –war…..

These acts threaten the First Amendment rights….freedom of Americans are mad! Federalist take advantage of the anger to pass the Alien and Sedition Acts These acts threaten the First Amendment rights….freedom of Speech, press, assembly, religion, etc.

Alien and Sedition Acts Alien Act Residence requirement now 14 years! President can jail or deport any undesirable immigrant Sedition Act Jail for anyone interfering or uttering falsehoods about the gov’t

Thomas Jefferson James Madison What about our 1st Amendment rights? Thomas Jefferson James Madison (the Democratic-Republicans) Saw this as THE PROOF of federal gov’t abusing individual rights Of course, they go to the States!

Jefferson and young Henry Clay from KY create a document The Virginia Kentucky Resolution which says the states DO NOT have to obey the federal govt and Alien and Sedition Acts it’s states v federal, again

States have the right to null and void any act of Congress The Virginia Kentucky Resolution States have the right to null and void any act of Congress they think is unconstitutional this is the principal of Nullification

Political Parties begin to develop they are split over how to run the govt

Federalists The parties’ views of Alien and Sedition Act Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans Federalists RIP Alien and Sedition Acts prove the national govt is too strong and will trample the rights of the states! Alien and Sedition Acts protect the govt in time of war

3rd President

THE “MIDNIGHT JUDGES” As Adams is about to leave office, he pushes through Congress the Judiciary Act of 1801 He adds 16 new federal judges!

JEFFERSON’S REACTION TO ADAMS’ “PACKING THE COURT” Furious! – Jeff argues that some of the documents authorizing the appointments had not been delivered by the time Adams left office, they were invalid THIS LED TO ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COURT CASES OF ALL TIME: MARBURY v. MADISON

This creates the case of Marbury v Madison which is one of THE MOST IMPORTANT COURT DECISIONS in U.S. history The Supreme Court has the power to judge a law to be constitutional or not constitutional

Eli Whitney invents the Cotton Gin

Louisiana Purchase 1803 New territory investigated by Lewis and Clark Led by Native woman Sacajaweah

Embargo Act of 1807

War Is Approaching The War of 1812

We go to war with Britain – again!

War Hawks They are mad. They think Britain is hurting us in 1. trade 2. Impressment 3. Still own some of land in northern Ohio areas. They want war.

War of 1812 War in Canada and at sea. British in DC Andrew Jackson in battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent

Life After the War of 1812 Life is good…